Common internationalisms in Russian and German are listed. In general German loan-words underwent a phonetic assimilation. Even if there are overall tonal similarities, there are differences, especially in accentuation, that result from the different structures of the languages. (Text is in German.) (MS)

This article proposes that language contact can be best understood if the entire range of such situations from second language learning to evolution of dialects and creoles is studied within a framework analogical to the symbiosis of living organisms. Language contact is viewed in terms of dynamic evolutionary stages. (CHK)

Presents an analysis of the tense marking of 16 Vietnamese speakers learning English as a second language, which shows there are a number of surface-level constraints that systematically affect the incidence of tense marking, including the distinction between regular and irregular verbs and the shape of the suffix on the regular verb. (SED)

Recent research has worked out a system for French orthography which is useful in teaching foreign learners, especially as regards errors due to confusing similar words and to native language interference. Grammar-related errors are discussed, with suggestions for combating them. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

First part of a continued article. (SK)

This demonstration of release from proactive interference with young children confirms the suggestion that the technique is appropriate for the study of developmental changes in the encoding of information. (Authors/CB)

Discusses the theories of contrastive analysis and error analysis in second language learning with regard to the idea that a language closely related to one's own native language is easier to learn that a remotely related one. (EKN)

Presents study constructed to consider what kind of errors of misperception of English pronunciation by Japanese are revealed in dictation. Results show errors of segmental sounds are caused by interference from Japanese. Believes dictation provides means of exact, immediate, and simple key feedback to learner. (Author/BK)

Compares phonetic implementation of the stop-voicing contrast produced in Arabic by Saudi Arabians and by both Americans and Saudis in English. Saudis used temporal aspects of voicing in Arabic while speaking English. This caused few communication problems, with the exception of the phoneme (p), which has no Arabic counterpart. (Author/PJM)

Presents a comparison study of language learning in American children and adults using various Japanese locatives. The subjects were pre- and posttested to determine if locatives that were semantically similar to their English equivalents would yield better transfer than terms that deviated in meaning and phonemic structure in English. (BK)