The current study aimed to examine performance times during text reading and question answering of students with and without a history of reading difficulties. Forty-three university students with a history of reading difficulties (HRD) were compared to 124 university students without a history of reading difficulties on measures of word and…

Purpose/Objectives: Advocacy groups recommend the school lunch period allow students 20 minutes of time to eat. While there is increasing evidence to support this recommendation, there is less known about the effect of eating time on nutrient consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether time to eat affected students' consumption…

Existing data describe the positive relationships across children's play/physical activity, mental wellness, physical health, and intellectual success (Carter, 2016; Crnic & Kondo, 2019; English 2019; Tomporowski, Davis, Miller, & Naglieri, 2007). This current mixed-method study identifies ways in which classroom teachers describe…

The flipped classroom is a teaching innovation in which instructional content is delivered out of the classroom, often via videos, and the class period is used for application of the course material. While the popularity of the flipped classroom is growing exponentially, its benefits have not been extensively studied. In this study we compared…

Previous research has demonstrated that cognitive offloading (i.e., externalizing mental processes) is useful for immediate problem solving. However, long-term effects of cognitive offloading on subsequent problem solving without offloading are remarkably understudied. Our main goal was to investigate the effects of representation control (i.e.,…

This study examines university students' multitasking with computers and mobile phones in an authentic self-study context, with the primary focus being on off-task multitasking and interruption as precursor to multitasking. The study drew on interviews, observation, and video-stimulated recall to reveal the triggers for and processes of…

This paper studies students engagement in e-learning environments in which students work independently and solve problems without external supervision. We propose a new method to infer engagement patterns of users in such self-directed environments. We view engagement as a continuous process in time, measured along chosen axes that are derived…

Science instruction reform efforts call for increased opportunities for students to engage with science content and practices. School-based citizen science (CS), when implemented well, addresses this call and provides a meaningful context for student learning. Despite CS projects' increasing role in formal science instruction, research on the…

This research, conducted in 2017, examines the amount of time students spend on building their skills and employability in pre-16 and post-16 education. It covers: (1) qualification hours; (2) non qualification hours; (3) homework and self-study; (4) activities outside of education; and (5) a typical week. Qualification hours are defined as the…

Preschool-aged children are not meeting national physical activity recommendations. This study compares preschoolers' physical activity engagement during two different physical activity opportunities: outdoor free play or a structured movement session. Eighty-seven children served as participants: 40 children participated in outdoor free play and…

Interactive digital tools increasingly used for language learning can provide detailed system logs (e.g., number of attempts, responses submitted), and thereby a window into the user's learning processes. To date, SLA researchers have made little use of such data to understand the relationships between learning conditions, processes, and outcomes.…

Paraprofessionals are increasingly being hired to support students with special needs in schools and are key implementers of behavior interventions for students. However, research is limited on how paraprofessionals perceive the management of student behavior. Using a mixed-methods design approach, the current investigation assesses…

Background: Educational video games are increasingly used in classrooms because they can offer meaningful contexts for problem solving. However, educational video games bring together two historically disparate activities: school mathematics and video games. How these two activities complement, compromise, or contradict each other influences how…

With increased enrollment of non-traditional students and concerns about student retention and degree progression, the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education could serve as a tool for improving course design and delivery within the online learning environment. The participants in this concurrent mixed methods study included…

This study took place at an undergraduate liberal arts college that switched to emergency online learning during the Spring 2020 semester due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All students were forced to leave campus and attend classes remotely. The participants were 109 undergraduate students ranging from 18 to 22 years of age. An online survey was…