A study examined the effectiveness of the Life/Career Renewal Program (LCR), a wilderness program for adults, in enhancing personal growth initiative (PGI) of 68 participants. Results support the hypothesis that the LCR program enhances PGI. (Author/JOW)

Facilitators of experiential learning join together with clients to create and edit clients'"stories" of their experiences in ways that are relevant to clients' issues. Facilitators must accurately assess client needs to enhance the quality of the learning experience, indicate directions and sources for functional change, and create…

Examined changes in cortisol and behavioral responses in 83 infants. Found that salivary cortisol responses before and after inoculation were high at 2 months, decreased between 2 and 4 months, remained stable, then declined again between 6 and 15 months. Found some evidence that emergence of circadian rhythm in cortisol might be related to early…

Examines the debate over andragogy, including Knowles' influences; criticisms of it as a theory of adult learning; and social, philosophical, and other weaknesses. Considers the impact of social structures in shaping individual freedom, contrasting it to the andragogical emphasis on the isolated, autonomous self-directed learner. (SK)

Studied the personality characteristics and developmental issues of three groups of adolescent music listeners divided by preferred type of music. Findings for 164 adolescents show that each of the three music preference groups is inclined to demonstrate a unique profile of personality dimensions and developmental issues. (SLD)

Interviews with 27 mentors were used to categorize mentoring motivations as other-focused or self-focused. Time and organizational structure were inhibiting factors. Mentors were attracted to proteges with desirable traits (ability, motivation, willingness to learn). Mentors received such benefits as networks, self-satisfaction, and job-related…

The abstract concept of the learning society neglects the subjective dimensions of humans and their ability to handle knowledge and deal with uncertainty. A growing number of people are excluded from lifelong learning opportunities by long-term unemployment and other forms of marginalization. (SK)

States that the perception of failure will determine a person's reaction when faced with a problem, how he/she tries to solve the problem, and if he/she is successful/unsuccessful at solving the problem. Argues that failure need not be a threat to personal being but should be a learning tool--an experience necessary for mastery. (PA)

Presents flow theory in the context of evolution. Defines the elements of "flow" and contends that flow results in an optimal state of inner harmony which improves one's chance for survival. Identifies consequences of flow for creativity, peak performance, talent development, productivity, self-esteem, and stress reduction. Examines the…

Study examined relationship between university students' living arrangements; their identity development status; degree of life difficulties experienced; and manner in which they coped with difficulties. In general, those who did not reside at home had greater levels of problems; used more direct, problem-focused coping strategies to solve their…

Clients are a major source of influence and serve as primary teachers in the process of counselor development. This article examines the dynamic of how counselors change as a result of their experiences with clients. Two case studies are presented as examples of counselor change. (Contains 15 references.) (Author)

Describes a theory of the understanding and use of representations, drawing heavily on Paul Ricoeur's and James Mark Baldwin's theories. Presents this theory as construing representation as intrinsically mimetic, characterizing the development of representational understanding as internalization, and emphasizing the importance of self-reflection…

Incorporating spirituality within a wellness paradigm can help counselors and counselor educators value and address spirituality as an integral component of optimum human functioning. By distinguishing between religiosity and spirituality and operationally conceptualizing spirituality as a lifespan developmental phenomenon that is essential for…

Presents a collection of theoretical concepts and models that can be used to describe and explore structural and dynamic aspects of interest development from an ontogenic research perspective. Outlines basic ideas of an educational-psychological conceptualization of interest that is based on a dynamic theory of personality. (SLD)

Study examines the effect of parental divorce and various dimensions of functioning in the family of origin on young adult development. Results indicate that parental divorce and family functioning significantly affect differentiation levels of young adults. Implications of the results for counselors and future researchers are provided. (Contains…