While the ideal of the translator as the successfully transcultured self at the core of intercultural communication still informs a lot of articles and books on translation, historical-descriptive approaches to translation studies as well as contemporary fiction have in the past two decades provided a very different picture of the realities of…

E.O. Leont'eva's article "Education from the Seamy Underside: Experience from a Pilot Survey of "Shadow" Relations in Colleges and Universities," published in the December 2004 issue of the journal "Sotsiologicheskie issledovanii," described informal practices for getting grades. The empirical base was the findings of…

Children's credibility as witnesses in court cases has become an important issue in recent years. When testifying, younger children are considered to be more susceptible to suggestion than are older children. The present study examined the possibility that knowledge of an interviewer's mental states (intention and false belief, in this study)…

The importance of ethical scientific practice to maintain the highest professional standards among graduating students and future scientists is presented as a case study to students. The exercise enhanced the awareness of the importance of ethics in the practice of science among students.

This chapter considers the design of incentive pay systems for teachers and principals and the challenges facing policy makers who seek to design them. The author argues that policy makers must direct the efforts of teachers and principals toward schools' mission--the acquisition of skills and knowledge among children--and must find ways to link…

A substantial body of literature considers excessive corruption an indicator of a weak state. However, in nondemocratic societies, corruption--whether informally approved, imposed, or regulated by public authorities--is often an indicator of a vertical power rather than an indicator of a weak state. This article explores the interrelations between…

A study of the science research activities in China's institutions of higher learning in recent years indicates that there is a major connection between the current instances of corruption in scientific research at colleges and universities and the evaluations system for scientific research implemented at many of the colleges and universities.…

Research studies have determined that proactive or instrumental aggression correlates with positive outcome expectancies for violence, whereas reactive aggression correlates with hostile attribution biases. It was hypothesized that the Problem Avoidance factor scale of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) would serve as…

Speakers' ages and intentions were examined as influences on children's evaluations of orally presented messages. A total of 112 third-grade children listened to one of four speakers, two women and two 9-year-old girls, presenting the same essays on videotape. Half of the children assigned to each of the four speakers were told that the speaker…

A study examined verbal and nonverbal behaviors that can detect an individual's deceptive communication, including variables such as familiarity with the individual, amount of interaction, skill at detecting deception with individuals and in general, and an individual's verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviors. Subjects, 242 undergraduates…

Shows why truthfulness, because of its link to spirituality, was the foremost standard for speech in ancient India, and how its practice was defined, emphasizing the consequences of truthfulness and deceit for speakers themselves. Considers possible contributions to current rhetorical and ethical studies. (SR)

Forty-eight children aged four and six years listened to stories in which it would be appropriate for the protagonist to feel a negative emotion. Results indicated that six-year-olds were more accurate than four-year-olds in judging that real and apparent emotion would not coincide when the protagonist hid feelings. (RJC)

Examines the impact of perceived parental deception regarding impending divorce on subsequent communication satisfaction with parents and self-esteem. Finds that respondents (131 students from 200 intact families) who felt deceived reported lower levels of communication satisfaction than those who had not felt deceived, and that self-esteem was…

This study documents previously unreported findings in cases of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (in which a mother fabricates an illness in her child). In the reported case, esophageal perforation, retrograde intussusception, tooth loss, and bradycardia were found. (Author/DB)

Two experiments tested two, three, and four year olds' ability to understand false beliefs. Results of both experiments support earlier claims that an understanding of false beliefs and deceptive ploys emerges at around age four. Two and three year olds can be led to produce such ploys but show no clear understanding of their effect. (GLR)