This article reviews how National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has come to collect and analyze data about cognitive and behavioral processes (process data) in the transition to digital assessment technologies over the past two decades. An ordered five-level structure is proposed for describing the uses of process data. The levels in…

The rise of data collection in the public and private sectors has presented policymakers with an unprecedented opportunity to leverage vast amounts of data to create more efficient systems, improve program performance, and drive equitable outcomes. Empowering policymakers and practitioners with functional access to accurate data has the potential…

The increased use of quantitative education data is often regarded by scholars as evidence of the emergence of 'governing by numbers'. These scholars ascribe major stakeholders such as the OECD and nation states agency as they produce, distribute and consume data, and respond to these with policy and management initiatives. This paper argues that…

To develop competency in science practices, such as data analysis and interpretation, chemistry learners must develop an understanding of what makes an analysis and interpretation "good" (i.e., the criteria for success). One way that individuals extract the criteria for success in a novel situation is through making social comparisons,…

We advocate for greater emphasis in training students about data management, within the context of supporting experience in reproducible workflows. We introduce the "L"ancaster "U"niversity "ST"atistics "RE"sources (LUSTRE) package, used to manage student research project data in psychology and build…

This study aimed to visualize self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors performed by users from an online teacher professional development platform called the EdHub Library using the pm4py algorithm in Python to parse event data during the first 30 days of the school year and the first 90 days of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Process mining…

Students who have graduated from high schools across the EU member states can choose from a wide variety of study programs and universities at which to pursue their degree studies. Each combination of a university and study program is unique, which further complicates student choice. Lack of information transparency regarding the unique…

Many institutions in the field of education have been involved in distance education with the learning management system. In this context, there has been a rapid increase in data in the e-learning process as a result of the development of technology and the widespread use of the internet. This increase is in the size of large data. Today, big data…

Students need to know how to discern patterns and make decisions using visual information in our modern economy. However, there are few sources of real-world information available to instructors that give students access to visualizations to help develop their skills in interpreting complex situations using diverse data sources. This article…

Each year, state legislators craft new policies that drive data use across their states, and as part of a comprehensive review of state education data legislation, the Data Quality Campaign (DQC) keeps track. In 2022, state legislators introduced 131 bills in 35 states--42 of which became law in 17 states-- that would govern the use of data along…

According to the United States Department of Education (2012, 2016), degree completions are a vital measure of overall institution success. Significantly, declining student persistence rates and low degree completions are consistent problems in public colleges throughout the United States. Not only are diminishing retention and incomplete degrees…

Clustering, a prevalent class of machine learning (ML) algorithms used in data mining and pattern-finding--has increasingly helped engineering education researchers and educators see and understand assessment patterns at scale. However, a challenge remains to make ML-enabled educational inferences that are useful and reliable for research or…

Multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) has increasingly been a topic of discussion within the learning analytics community. The Society of Learning Analytics Research is home to the CrossMMLA Special Interest Group and regularly hosts workshops on MMLA during the Learning Analytics Summer Institute (LASI). In this paper, we articulate a set of 12…

Teaching introductory statistics is a service requirement for many mathematics faculty, and the audience is often anxious about the subject and not always excited about the material. Making class fun, relevant, and visually stimulating is key to keeping students engaged in the material and also in promoting student learning. Collecting data from…

The use of Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) within counseling literature, specifically counselor education, has increased since 2013; however, the application of the method varies across counseling studies. Therefore, we used a modified content analysis to code 58 CQR counseling studies from 2003-2017 to examine whether and how each study…