Two separate and simultaneous studies took place in middle socioeconomic schools. A considerable degree of consistency of results in problem-solving performance with and without calculators was found in the two investigations. Calculator-using groups performed significantly higher than non-calculator groups where differences occurred. (MP)

"Chisanbop" is a Korean word which means finger calculation method. It is based on the Korean abacus, and its emphasis is on fives. By using Chisanbop techniques, one can add, subtract, multiply, and divide large numbers. Chisanbop can be taught most effectively to large groups in the second grade. (JN)

Data indicated that high percentages of fifth- through eighth-grade low achievers had high algorithm confidence for the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. A substantial proportion in each grade expressed a low degree of confidence in their computational method for division. (CM)

Problems and activities are presented for which "I can't do it" or "It can't be done" are the correct responses. Including problems of this type in the curriculum adds a new dimension to students' learning and helps to develop better problem solvers. (Author/MK)

A finger method for subtraction that has proved successful with many young subtraction-troubled mathematics students is presented. (MP)

Basic strategies for developing computational estimation skills are: (1) the front-end strategy, focusing on the front-end digits of the numbers; (2) the rounding strategy, rounding the original numbers to more manageable numbers; (3) the compatible number strategy, changing the original numbers to ones more similar and more manageable; and (4)…

Ways elementary school teachers might use calculators to help students are noted. A total of nine activities, listed under place value, computation, and estimation, are provided to assist the classroom instructor in effectively employing calculators. (MP)

Examined the ability of kindergarten children to use counting procedures to solve story problems. A major factor affecting pupil ability was the use of manipulative materials which illustrate the sets and relationships. Findings indicate that pupil success hinges on problem complexity and that this method could be used for early diagnosis of pupil…

A game designed as a take-off on tenpin bowling is described which allows children to review all four operations while playing. Three dice are rolled and a pin is knocked down when numbers can be combined to the value of that pin position. Scoring is similar to standard bowling. (MP)

Examined differences between five-, seven-, and nine-year-olds' ability to estimate their counting accuracy for large set sizes on tasks of three levels of counting difficulty. With increasing age, children's estimates of their counting accuracy increasingly corresponded to their actual counting accuracy. (Author/DB)

This study covers 11-year-olds, school leavers, student nursery nurses, and bus conductor trainees, and their understanding of subtraction, and whether shortcomings in understanding and performance that occurred at ages six or seven would continue in later years and affect feelings toward the subject. (MP)

A process for helping students in the elementary grades develop their own algorithms for subtraction with carrying is described. Pupils choose their own times and ways to move from manipulative materials to written notation. (MP)

This is a review of the current research in mathematics involving breadth of ideas. Research includes topics in number theory, classification of all finite simple groups, the representation of group aids in their application to the study of symmetry. (Author/SA)

Presents a plan that includes daily drills, games, and take-home papers to help fourth-graders memorize the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division tables. (SJL)

The planning, design, and construction of a computer-assisted instructional program in pharmaceutical calculations at St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions is reported. The program was designed to supplement classroom teaching by concentrating on problem solving. A sample unit of instruction is appended.…