The authors present a computational skills laboratory exercise for ecology conscious students. (MN)

Many of the difficulties that students have with mathematical symbolism seem to stem from the use of a horizontal form for an equation and a vertical form for computation. The differences between these two forms are discussed. (JT)

Refutes the Doppler effect as the explanation of large red shifts in the spectra of distant galaxies and explains the relativistic effects in which the light sources approach the observer obliquely. Provides several diagrams and graphs. (YP)

What mental computation and estimation are, what is known from research about each process, and what can help students develop these skills are discussed. (MNS)

Four ways of knowing about numbers are listed, with direct estimation emphasized. Using perceptual anchors is described, with several teaching tips on their use in estimation. (MNS)

Addresses the principles and problems associated with the use of significant figures. Explains uncertainty, the meaning of significant figures, the Simple Rule, the Three Rule, and the 1-5 Rule. Also provides examples of the Rules. (ML)

Questioned is a method of having students tap reference points on numerals to count out sums, differences, and products. How the method works, educators' reactions, and problems noted in interviews with children are discussed. (MNS)

Front-end estimation is discussed, with several examples, teaching tips, testing tips, and some references on research and additional activities. (MNS)

The focus is on suggestions for teaching rounding wisely as an estimation strategy. (MNS)

Significant differences were found favoring skill-deficient second-graders (N=10) provided with repeated preteaching trials on a selected component skill of a subtraction algorithm before they worked the entire algorithm over students (N=10) who, from the beginning of training, received systematic instruction on working the entire algorithm.…

A drill-and-practice game called "Digits Delight"; the story of Parabella (and Hyp and Elli); and a method for finding inverse functions, using Rubik's cube and algebra, are included. (MNS)

Children use acquired knowledge as they learn basic multiplication facts. If informal thinking strategies are stressed, the border between "figuring out" and "knowing by heart" gradually disappears. Children will acquire a flexible mental structure of multiplication facts instead of a collection of rules. (MNS)

Indicates how thinking strategies help children learn the basic facts for whole numbers, listing several strategies involved in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Also lists books and articles for illustrations of the strategies and how to teach them, and two sources for research findings on thinking strategies for basic facts.…

Describes various aids and activities to help in planning lessons that will encourage the development of sound place value knowledge. Also discusses various instructional strategies to help students avoid problems which may lead to an incomplete or faulty understanding of place value. (JN)

A model for directed numbers, using a sentry moving along the number line, is described. (MNS)