At the time this study began, there were approximately 60 senior colleges and universities using Native American mascots or nicknames to represent their athletic teams (Fournier, 2003). Many Native Americans, coalitions, organizations, and researchers (Connolly, 2000; Davis, 2002; King & Springwood, 2000; NCAA, 2001) believe that these mascots…

Two main theories of visual word recognition have been developed regarding the way orthographic units in printed words map onto phonological units in spoken words. One theory suggests that a string of single letters or letter clusters corresponds to a string of phonemes (Coltheart, 1978; Venezky, 1970), while the other suggests that a string of…

Background: Through play children exercise their emerging mental abilities, and for their part, when in collaborative play, caregivers often adjust their behaviours to assist their children's progress. In this study, we focused on comparisons between play of Down Syndrome (DS) children with their two parents as well as on comparisons between the…

In two experiments, participants made inferences from weather maps, before and after they received instruction about relevant meteorological principles. Different versions of the maps showed either task-relevant information alone, or both task-relevant and task-irrelevant information. Participants improved on the inference task after instruction,…

Teams of educators conducted lesson study independently, supported by a resource kit that included mathematical tasks, curriculum materials, lesson videos and plans, and research articles, as well as protocols to support lesson study. The mathematical resources focused on linear measurement interpretation of fractions. This report examines the…

This ethnographic study of language shows the importance of educators' appropriate use of linguistic, nonlinguistic, and paralinguistic communication techniques when working with elementary students within two classrooms who have behavioral and emotional disorders. This study focused on communication techniques used by teachers and…

The determination of bounds for A(n, d, w), the maximum possible number of binary vectors of length n, weight w, and pairwise Hamming distance no less than d, is a classic problem in coding theory. Such sets of vectors have many applications. A description is given of how the problem can be used in a first-year undergraduate computational…

Variable reinforcement schedules are used to arrange the availability of reinforcement following varying response ratios or intervals of time. Random reinforcement schedules are subtypes of variable reinforcement schedules that can be used to arrange the availability of reinforcement at a constant probability across number of responses or time.…

Infants from birth itself are in constant interaction with their mothers and the environment. Thus the maternal styles of communication would play an important role in developing communicative competency in children. This process happens so naturally and incidentally that no one pays special attention to it. However, when a hearing impairment is…

National standards for learning foreign languages describe five area goals which are intertwined and interconnected in the K-12 learning environment; yet, absent from the literature are investigations on how K-12 teachers are able to implement and incorporate the "practices, products, and perspectives" of culture into world language…

This research explored how a group of religious leaders and scholars understand and make meaning of their experience in interfaith dialogue, and the reported impact it had on their spiritual and professional practice. It considered a broad range of themes, including participants' motivation to engage across religious difference, their…

This study examines English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' professional identity construction through an examination of the relationship between teachers' emerging knowledge and emerging identity. The participants in this study were four EFL student teachers enrolled in the fourth and final year of an EFL teacher education program in a…

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to better understand the identity and work of academic and extension staff who have boundary spanning responsibilities. The results will help universities, especially public land-grant universities with an outreach mission, to create stronger policies and systems to support boundary spanning staff members…

Principals are being asked to create optimal learning conditions that will "lead to improved results for students, long-term gains in school system capacity, and increased productivity and effectiveness" (RTTT, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine the professional development offered to and sought by experienced principals and…

It has been argued that languaging plays a crucial role in learning a second language (L2). The effects of languaging, especially oral languaging (e.g., collaborative dialogue, private speech), have been tested on the learning of L2 knowledge domains. This study explored the effects of written languaging by asking 24 Japanese learners of English…