The Basic Law of Press Freedom in West Germany that forbids censorship in any form is the subject of this booklet. The first section defines freedom of opinion as a basic right and presents the relationship of the press to the state. The role and structure of radio and television are described in the second section, which stresses the independence…

Designed to assist teachers of students in grades 10-12 who wish to use the newspaper as a supplemental tool in law-related education, this guide provides model lessons demonstrating ways in which the daily newspaper can enhance textbook material. Although the guide is based on ongoing law-related education programs in St. Louis Public Schools, it…

A study was conducted to examine news coverage of the U.S. withdrawal from Unesco. News reports distributed by the Associated Press, United Press International, New York Times News Service, and Washington Post-Los Angeles Times News Service were studied to determine how adequate a foundation they were providing Americans for independent judgment…

In the 1940s two congeries of events brought the federal government into the field of education, an area that had previously been protected from federal interference. At the core of one group of events was a 1937 decision that the "general welfare clause" was established as an independent ground for the federal spending power. A second change came…

Tenure, which revolves around a vested right in an individual's academic position following a stated period of probationary service, is examined with regard to academic freedom. The historical perspective of each concept is reviewed, followed by discussion of: the role of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP); advantages and…

A number of constitutional and economic problems are involved in the process of insuring a free press. The enforcement of antitrust laws by the Justice Department can, but does not, provide adequate safeguards for the public. Beginning with the 1945 Supreme Court decision, "Associated Press v. United States," many court decisions have…

The issue of the proper role of government in the censorship of sexually explicit material is analyzed in this article from a symbolic interactionist view of communication and traditional principles of constitutional liberty. The paper focuses on the Supreme Court's adjudication of obscenity cases and proposes a set of principles consistent with…

Modifications are presented to a 1967 document that contained recommendations concerning academic freedom, academic responsibility, and tenure for faculty members in Texas public community and senior colleges and universities. The recommended standards constitute patterns or guidelines and are not binding on any institution and may be varied in…

This book is divided into three major sections: principles and development of freedom of expression, rights in conflict with free expression, and communications law and the public interest. Specific areas covered in the two chapters of the first section are freedom and control and a historical background of freedom of expression. The second…

This review of current legal practices with respect to censorship in the areas of obscenity and pornography contains a history of anti-obscenity legislation; a review of the efforts of the United States Supreme Court and lower courts to define obscenity; a discussion of publisher Larry Flynt's battle against the "community standards"…

Noting that Lawrence Kohlberg has written extensively in the fields of education and psychology regarding moral development in adolescents and adults, this paper argues that Kohlberg's approach offers a viable addition to levels of understanding of rhetorical discourse. The paper first offers a discussion of the Kohlbergian theory of moral…

This paper reviews both the literature and the court litigation concerning student rights in elementary and high school. The purpose of the paper is to outline the legal aspects of the relationship of students to their teachers and administrators. Topics covered include the freedoms of speech and press, due process, "in loco parentis,"…

Free speech for the public employee is much more limited than free speech in the society at large. The courts have been unwilling to extend free speech protection carte blanche and have instead cautiously attempted to define what speech would be allowed or prohibited in public organizations. This approach is illustrated in four areas of court…

Drawing from the findings of a lengthy study of international news conducted by the American Committee of the International Association for Mass Communication Research at the request of UNESCO, this paper provides information on the system by which news is distributed around the world, on the international news content of four Western news…

Although the suppression in 1917 of "The Masses," an influential Socialist magazine, has been depicted as an American tragedy, such a narrow interpretation ignores the bizarre, confused, often comic developments and episodes that attended the magazine's end. A reexamination of the demise of "The Masses" has been made to show…