Describes less-publicized situations in the biological sciences concerning problems of openness and communication among scientists. Topics addressed include information networks and rules, international communications, balance of power within institutions and fields, openness to whom and on what terms, and scientists as experts. (DH)

Examines the types of science created due to organizational demands, considering: centrality of peer review, university-industry partnerships, "pork barrell" funding, research misconduct, impositions of basic science, and other topics areas. "Openness" has become a matter for political debate, not scientific judgment alone. (DH)

Conflicts between requirements for national security and open scientific communication have resulted from government restraints. Various First Amendment issues are addressed, including: government's case; constitutional status; values of free expression; and federal funding. Indicates that scientists should not expect guaranteed freedom from…

Discusses the consequences that schools may face as a result of the Hatch Amendment, which prevents a school from inquiring about seven subject areas if a single parent disagrees. (DF)

Restrictions on intellectual freedom have existed in American colleges and universities from their founding in the mid-seventeenth century through the rise of the corporate and government dominated institutions of today, and intellectual repression is a principal factor in low faculty morale in the 1980s. (MSE)

Discusses the conflict that developed between President Franklin Roosevelt and his attorney general, Francis Biddle, over the limits of press freedom in the early days of World War II. (FL)

Conclusions drawn from a new survey indicate that student editors are less willing to tackle sensitive topics, that administrators will honor first amendment rights until there is a conflict, and that advisers continue to support students' rights. (CRH)

While patents have become potentially valuable properties for American research universities, they pose some significant ethical dilemmas concerning objectivity to or by the faculty that can and should be resolved. (MSE)

Concludes that the smallest daily newspapers and television stations in the country report little direct effect from the court decision, and that the prediction of a chilling effect for a vast majority of small and large media is unsubstantiated. (FL)

Traces the efforts of American news reporters to break the control of information by European powers before and during World War II. Compares this to the New World Information Order efforts of Third World nations today. (FL)

The concept of freedom in A. S. Neill's philosophy of education is examined for what it is and what it is not, and is compared with various alternative educational philosophies. (GW)

The response of courts to terminations resulting from a financial crisis threatening a school is analyzed. That response depends, in part, on whether the teacher is asserting the infringement of a constitutional right, such as freedom of expression, or the deprivation without due process of the law of a property interest, such as a statutory or…

Examines recent court cases to determine whether a school administrator or faculty advisor may be legally responsible for defamation in a student publication. Concludes that the legal position of faculty members is unclear and recommends application of the U.S. Supreme Court's guidelines in Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (JG)

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the provisions for equality and liberty in the funding of school capital expenditures in each of the 50 states. More specifically, the following issues were analyzed: (1) the extent to which state policies provide equality in funding school facility construction; (2) the extent to which state…

This paper provides some of the historical context of the efforts of the American Library Association (ALA) to define, extend, protect and advocate for equity of access, focusing on central tendencies rather than internal debate. The first section, "Toward the Concept of Access," discusses: how ALA became a public service organization; extension…