Legal issues surrounding the distribution of nonsubscription newspapers are examined in this paper. The paper first discusses selected United States Supreme Court cases that pertain to the circulation of printed materials. It then explores recent state court decisions pertaining to the area of distribution law as it applies to nonsubscription…

In their 1977 decision, "Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle," the Supreme Court held that if a government employee who had a reasonable expectation of continued employment is dismissed and can show that his dismissal was motivated by his taking actions that are constitutionally protected, the employing agency…

Rising litigation costs caused by lawsuits against the media and by media efforts to defend their perceived First Amendment rights are posing a threat to press freedom. In an attempt to stave off the costs of litigation, the media resort to self-censorship. In addition, pressure groups and individuals wishing to control or influence content have…

In the area of commercial speech, the courts face two competing rights: the public's right to know and the state's right to discipline members of the medical profession. The Federal Trade Commission has taken strong action against medical advertising prohibitions, and legal precedents have been set in Virginia Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia…

Prepared by the Alabama Intellectual Freedom Committee, this practical handbook explores the concerns of librarians, especially school librarians, in the area of intellectual freedom. Included is the Library Bill of Rights, followed by an interpretation which suggests procedures for effective preparation for and confrontation with "censors." In…

The statement provides guiding principles designed to help Texas colleges and universities in evaluating the conditions of academic freedom, tenure, and responsibility that prevail on each campus. It suggests that faculty members should be free to pursue scholarly inquiry, and to voice and publish conclusions without institutional restriction or…

College presidents have traditionally been burdened with pressures from alumni, trustees, faculty, students, politicians. However, mounting pressure from the New Left has made the role of the college president a hazard to health of body, mind and reputation. The goals of the New Left are first to disrupt and then to destroy our system of higher…

During the last two years, New York State has made considerable progress toward opening its government to public inspection. This report discusses New York's open-records law and the creation of the Committee on Public Access to Records, a group of individuals who "interpret the law, oversee its implementation, establish procedures, and…

This report explores the implications of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of "'Miami Herald' v. Tornillo" concerning the "right of reply," the Florida mandate that allowed a candidate for nomination or election whose personal character or official record is assailed to publish a response at the expense of the newspaper…

This report traces the development of the Egyptian press, from its origin with the arrival of the first printing press in 1789 to the present free press policies of Anwar Sadat. Because political struggle and social reform have accompanied the educational and cultural progress of Egypt, the news publications have traditionally been utilitarian.…

This book examines the status of the press and the criticism surrounding it. Chapter 1 attempts to relate theories of criticism to the contemporary press, to define the public interest relative to the press, and to discuss the role of criticism and the social responsibility of the press. Chapter 2 presents a brief history of press criticism from…

This agreement, dated 1 September 1973, is effective until 31 August 1975. Articles of the agreement cover: administration-union relationships; academic freedom and responsibility; grievance and arbitration; Academic ranks; appointments; union activity; class size; personnel files; workload; salaries; fringe benefits; tenure and lay-offs; and…

This book discusses censorship and sex through the ages. The 15 chapters focus on the following topics: (1) the bases of censorship; (2) the concept of taboo; (3) the role of words in the control of people's thought; (4) Hellenism, stoicism, and censorship; (5) the Judeo-Christian influence; (6) the puritan and the censor; (7) religion and…

This paper presents a case study of a confrontation between an art instructor and college officials at a hypothetical community college on the issue of academic freedom. It highlights the conflicting interests of the instructor and the college and emphasizes the instructor's obligation not to cause embarrassment to his college and his peers. It…

This issue of "Client" discusses the "Freedom of Information Act" which was enacted in 1966 and amended substantially in 1974. The general philosophy underlying the Act is that all records in the possession of federal government agencies should be available for public inspection. The Act applies to federal agencies, which are…