Greater administrative accountability can result only from a replacement of the current "but-for" test with one that simply asks whether protected activity was a substantial cause of the decision to remove the employee. Available from the Yale Law Journal, 401A Yale Station, New Haven, CT 06520. (Author)

Many American institutions have turned their backs on millions of dollars from Middle East oil-producing countries for fear of strings attached that might limit faculty hirings or what would be taught or might discriminate against Jewish or other scholars. (MLW)

The key attributes, rationale, and criticisms of the academic tenure system are outlined. The alternatives are (1) to lengthen the pretenure probation period, (2) to limit tenure to a specific length, and (3) to replace tenure with fixed-term, renewable contracts. Academic freedom and professional security are key issues. (MSE)

In addition to precluding prior restraints on the student press, the public forum doctrine creates a right of access to the pages of student publications and requires that student newspapers adopt liberal policies of accepting alternate views. Available from University of Illinois Law Forum, Law Building, Champaign, IL 61820. (Author/IRT)

Discusses the state of editorial freedom and the use of academic credit or money to compensate junior college newspaper staff members. Uses information from three surveys in suggesting that First Amendment rights and compensation issues at the junior college level need to be examined more fully. (TJ)

An analysis of 1938 newspaper editorials about Orson Welles' notorious "War of the Worlds" broadcast reveals that they explained audience reaction on the grounds of gullibility, the ominous threat of war, and the technique of the broadcast, and that they offered radio a rather stern lecture on the relationship between freedom and responsibility.…

Representative, delegated school governance by elected officials intrinsically vests curricular control in those officials. Because their offices are created so that the schools may be governed, they have authority to govern the schools--even especially--in the delicate and critical areas of deciding how and what the schools shall teach.…

In school library cases, the courts must address the statutorily directed authority of school boards to regulate education, the recognized duty of the parents in rearing and nurturing their children, and the recognition that children also enjoy rights under the Constitution. (Author/MLF)

Discusses the need to identify values and deal with the conflicts among these values as society expands the use of communication technology. Suggests a list of organizing principles for guidance during this period. (JMF)

The faculty adviser for a community college newspaper reports on the newspaper's battles against censorship and financial pressures. (RL)

Reported is information regarding current organizing activity among college and university faculty for bargaining power. Data include institutions organized, rejections, and details regarding selected institutions. (CS)

Points out some approaches which high school social studies classroom teachers can use to help students understand that others' rights are just as significant as personal rights in the area of freedom of speech. Topics discussed include First Amendment guarantees, various kinds of vocal expression, and case studies of student expressions of…

Freedom Schooling is an educational concept that refers to the new relationship or partnership between the federal government and local school districts to introduce alternative educational practices, programs, and structures into American public elementary and secondary education. (JMF)

Describes how to deal with censorship by preparing a position on the National Council of Teachers of English publication, "The Student's Right to Read"; preparing a position on what is to be taught; investigating the policies of the school; and identifying sources of help. (DD)

Legal problems in the constitutional protection of the press are addressed in this commentary of the right to know. Emphasized are court rulings of prior constraint. The desirability of allowing courts to judge communications before they are made, at least as a matter of first amendment theory, is questioned. (LBH)