In the United States Supreme Court's only decision on the question of journalists' protecting their confidential sources (the "Branzburg trilogy" of cases decided in 1972), Justice Lewis Powell emphasized the importance of "striking a proper balance between freedom of the press and the obligation of all citizens to give relevant…

India's policy of free speech suffered a severe if temporary setback in the 1970s. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a 19-month state of emergency, during which 150,000 people were arrested, newspapers were censored, and dissent was essentially eliminated. A central figure in the confrontation with the Indian government over political…

The legal problems faced by publishers of alternative newspapers are often compounded by the limited availability of the funds they have either for legal defense or for initiating lawsuits. Although both the courts and journalism's professional associations theoretically support the position that the alternative press possesses rights identical to…

Twenty-three years after the launching of the first satellite, there is still no fully operational direct broadcasting satellite system. Since such systems were expected much earlier, many questions present themselves concerning (1) whether there is a perceived need for such a system, (2) whether the technology is available at cost effective…

This report discusses how courts have dealt with the use of photographs for journalistic purposes in cases where invasion of privacy was alleged. In the context of this survey of relevant case law, the following topics are addressed: the right of privacy, the 1937 guidelines for cases involving photographs that accompany articles, "legitimate…

This paper is related to a similar statement presented at a Federal Trade Commission Symposium on Media Concentration. It was submitted by the Authors Guild to Senator Edward Kennedy's Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly on May 10, 1978. It is one of several memoranda by the Guild opposing the acquisitions and mergers they feel have given…

This is one of several papers presented at a Federal Trade Commission Symposium on Media Concentration. A statement by the Authors Guild, it examines the merger-takeover trend in book publishing. The Authors Guild feels that the merger trend in book publishing has passed beyond the warning line drawn by the antimerger clause of the Clayton Act,…

The issue of whether judicial orders restricting access to court proceedings should be subject to a procedural hearing, the standing of the media in such hearings, and the role of the media in the entire process are analyzed in this paper. The various sections of the paper deal with the following topics: the procedural plan, proposed to the…

This paper deals with the development of the right of publicity since "Zacchini v Scripps-Howard," a case in which the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hugo Zacchini, a "human cannonball" who had charged that his professional property had been unlawfully appropriated by a television station that had filmed and shown his performance without…

Based on interviews with 19 Chilean editors, government officials, heads of professional associations, and journalism education directors, this paper deals with the role of the press in Chile and with its future under the current military government. Following a review of the events concerning press control and censorship that followed the…

Contrary to popular belief, much power is vested in university governing boards that are usually composed of individuals not professionally concerned with higher education. The Center conducted a study in 1965 of trustees at 38 member institutions of the American Association of Universities, in an effort to expand previous findings on governing…

For the past 13 years, the growth in resources for higher education has been rapid and steady. But, although institutional costs are rising and will require a greater share of the GNP, certain adverse features of the political climate, competing claims for public and philanthropic funds, and likely continued high defense expenditures will make it…

The Freedom of Information Act amendments, which became effective in February 1975, have so far yielded mixed results. This report provides an account of how different federal agencies are implementing this amended statute. Among the topics discussed are modifications of the original 1966 Freedom of Information Act, which were made in the attempt…

To determine whether newspapers are equally responsive to threats to freedom of speech and to freedom of the press, the news and editorial coverage by ten daily newspapers of 40 United States Supreme Court decisions concerning free expression was analyzed. The 20 free-press and 20 free-speech cases were randomly selected from over 70…

As journalism teacher-advisors become better trained and better organized professionally, they are more often following the lead of student journalists of the 1960s and clarifying their rights in court. Only two cases relevant to the advisor's First Amendment rights have been decided. Although both decisions were adverse to the advisors concerned,…