Chronicles the California Library Association's battle against anti-Communist censorship attempts from 1946 to 1956 in schools and public libraries as well as on the legislative front. An overview of the "Fiske report" is offered as an explanation of how intellectual freedom challenges impacted California librarians of the period.…

The Supreme Court's 1988 "Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier" decision, characterizing student newspapers as a curricular extension, not a constitutionally protected public forum, produced waves of concern among First Amendment advocates. The panic has subsided. The literature advocates working within guidelines, following sound policies,…

Asserts that in the wake of increasing corporate influence from the outside and corresponding pressure for corporate support from within, universities are allowing academic freedom to be diminished. Discusses how this threat to academic freedom has taken at least three forms: suppression, erosion, and corruption. Describes the historical and…

Analyzes academic tradition concerning the rights and corresponding duties of the academic profession and then articulates principles of professional conduct that flow from academic tradition. Concludes that peer review is the linchpin for academic freedom, tenure, and shared governance in the academic tradition. (EV)

Presents an analysis of the arguments for and against consideration of collegiality in higher education employment decisions and a review of the relevant case law. Critics argue that unless collegiality is specified as a separate criterion for evaluation in the faculty contract or handbook, its use is a breach of contract. Others are concerned…

Since its broadly protective decision in "Tinker," the Supreme Court has gradually narrowed the scope of student free speech rights. Examines the development of First Amendment rights in public schools, in particular those of high school journalists. Argues that the "Hazelwood" decision is flawed in several respects. Notes some…

Educators who focus on control pay more attention to curriculum and depositing knowledge than learning processes. A focus on freedom shifts the locus of control but depends on rationality and autonomy, which isolate and dehumanize. A focus on balance enables a holistic, inclusive approach that acknowledges interpersonal connections. (Contains 55…

The authors debate whether institutions of higher learning should impose regulations or speech codes to ban sexually harassive speech believed to foster gender-based discrimination. Masters insists that narrowly crafted controls are necessary to make colleges and universities inviting to all. Dagley argues that speech codes are improper because…

The privacy aspect of e-mail is a touchy subject. "Erased" computer files can easily be restored with simple software. Some public agencies are required to retain backup files on computer data and information. E-mail might also be subject to freedom-of-information access, depending how a "record" or "document" is defined. Also, e-mail exchanges…

Examines the relationship between rhetorical traditions and philosophical inquiry about liberty. Argues that rhetoric matters: how people talk about the state sets the limits within which it works. (TB)

The overall guiding principle of neutrality between government and religion masks a tension that exists between free exercise of religion and establishment of religion. Reviews the development and current status of "Lemon" as a test for neutrality; proposes a new test for neutrality, evenhandedness, that is common to both the Free…

Notes that past research has shown a large disparity between general support for abstract principles of free speech and willingness to apply those principles in specific situations. Surveys undergraduate students. Shows a smaller tolerance disparity for high "need for cognition" respondents; they are more likely to apply free speech…

In a Sixth Circuit Court decision, Judge Harry Welford concluded that the First Amendment did not prohibit an Ohio school district from banning Marilyn Manson T-shirts under the district's constitutional authority to regulate student speech (disruptive behavior) that conflicts with its basic educational mission. (MLH)

Reviews resources for and examples of effective diversity programming and suggests multicultural competencies for program planners and their students. Argues that practitioners must consider multicultural competencies for themselves and their students as well as the issue of free speech. (Contains 20 references and 2 tables.) (Author/GCP)

Discusses Wisconsin case involving an eighth-grade student who gave his teacher a creative writing assignment that contained language that she perceived to be a threat. Student was given an in-school suspension and charged with disorderly conduct by the police. The Wisconsin Supreme Court overturned the appellate court ruling upholding the…