In the case of RAV v. City of St. Paul, a teenager was charged with violating the city's Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance after being accused of burning a cross inside the fenced yard of a black family. In a 9-0 decision, the Supreme Court struck down the St. Paul ordinance, a decision which raised a question as to whether many college and…

This paper discusses the potential impact of a federal bill, H.R. 2797, or the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, on public education. A concern is that legislation will be interpreted more strictly than the normally broad constitutional standards, which may result in a lack of support for treating schools differently than other public entities.…

The word "parrhesia" is of Greek origin and indicates the right to say anything a person chooses. The Apostle Paul was himself an operational definition of parrhesia, and a term that symbolizes such a controlling force on such a significant figure is worthy of examination and academic study. For Paul, his work as an evangelist and pastor was a…

Since the former East German Communist State--the German Democratic Republic (GDR)--was incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution has been valid throughout the whole of Germany, guaranteeing press freedom and ending press censorship in eastern Germany. In October 1989, the GDR had 39 daily newspapers (many…

To test the findings of a 1981 study, which concluded that the Supreme Court of Chief Justice Warren Burger has attempted to reverse the liberal policies of the court presided over by Earl Warren by adopting a policy of ignoring precedent, a second study duplicated the earlier study's general research design, except that it focused on freedom of…

Article evaluated the merits and faults of the news media and attempted to illustrate the ominously growing conflict between American society and its communication media. (Author/RK)

Report of the investigating committee of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) regarding nine faculty members involuntarily separated from Murray State University in 1974 after their service had exceeded the maximum probationary period allowed under the 1940 "Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure." (JT)

The psychological, sociological, and economic advantages of various alternative schools are described. For journal availability see SO 504 329. (DE)

This article discusses six approaches that English departments might use before censorship problems arise. Two reactions to the article are also included. (RC)

Analyzes the major issues in obscenity cases in an attempt to assess the current state of law and resultant effects on human expression. (MH)

Examines court decisions concerning the right of news reporters to withhold the identities of confidential sources in civil libel proceedings. (RB)

Examines several acts of censorship by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and concludes that its leaders were essentially conservative. (RB)

At the Oklahoma College of Liberal Arts, 11 faculty members and 3 administrators were fired after a public press conference in which they were highly critical of the administration. A year earlier the institution's Board of Regents had revoked the college's tenure policy. (PG)

The action by the administration of Elmira College to remove Dr. Jerald Neilsen from his teaching and other faculty responsibilities for the duration of his appointment constituted a summary dismissal, in disregard of the provisions for academic due process. (Author/PG)

A standardized program of instruction usually demands common syllabi, texts, and tests. Since teaching under this type of program is seen as stimulus (or cause) and learning as response (or effect), much stress is placed on the effectiveness of the classroom teacher. This effectiveness is usually gauged by the technical skills of the instructor to…