A typology and four models of college character are examined, each model representing a salient dimension of the organization: rational, political, social system, and anarchistic. Conditions and the interplay of the characteristics are discussed. (MSE)

The article contrasts the development of secondary schools in Sweden, Finland, and Norway at the end of the nineteenth century and shows how secondary school development was affected by political power structure and conflicts involved in the definition of a national identity for each of the three countries. (SB)

A study of academic decision making shows little faculty effort to influence major committees other than through formal channels. Academics with elected representatives were dominated by an elite of nonelected senior academics, based on process signs of power rather than real authority. (MSE)

Systematic change in academic systems requires internal analysis of work, belief, and authority structures. Four situations are explored in which order and disorder are in tension: between disciplinary bottom and administrative top, among administrative units, within operating levels, and over time in a reversal of orderly and disorderly…

Researchers interviewed 83 subordinate employees and 70 supervisory employees to investigate the ways subordinates try to influence their supervisors. Supervisors and subordinates reported similar agents and methods of influence, causes of success, and outcomes of attempts at upward influence, but different causes of failure. (Author/RW)

Contrasts Richard Peters' widely accepted analysis and justification of teacher authority with Nell Keddie's discussion of classroom knowledge. Contends that Peters' justification relies upon contrafactual presuppositions about what a teacher knows and teaches. Argues that authority, supposedly based on superior knowledge, is in fact an extension…

This paper presents and attacks the argument that curriculum decision making is not a sufficiently recondite area to warrant helmsmanship by theorists, as is advocated by the neo-Platonic view that experts in a field should govern it. A different reason for rejecting control by experts is offered. (Author/SJL)

Explores the idea that anxiety is an endemic factor in organizational membership in the hope of providing hypotheses that could be tested by empirical investigation. (Author/WD)

Recounts the innovative changes in a newspaper's staff structure, noting the positive and negative results. (RL)

The social power theory of parental identification was supported. Perceived outcome-control power was the weakest power variable and perceived referent power was generally the strongest variable. Lack of consistent patterning of parental identification by sex of adolescent and parent is evidenced. (Author)

Results of this study indicate that the proportion of extended family members in a kibbutz's population does not itself account for members' power and influence. (Author)

Suggests that symbolic acts of power (threats and promises) in the context of conflict resolution are within the domain of rhetorical study, and that their consideration refocuses the attention given to invention, strategic choices, and ethical questions. (PD)

Examined are the concept and results of collegiality in university governance. Problems are pinpointed that suggest a need for significant changes in the decision-making process. Modifications are proposed that would make university decision making more efficient and effective. (MSE)

Identifies and discusses changes since 1960 in the science education curriculum in Australian schools in light of two perspectives--individual teachers and their students as the agents of curriculum implementation, and the schooling system as an instrument of a society and as the focus of many countervailing social demands. (DB)

An outline of the French electoral system covers the voters and their voting rights, assembly seats and candidates, political campaigning, allocation of assembly seats, balloting system, and recent coalitions. Election results for a bibliography are appended. (MSE)