A major goal of instruction is for students to develop competence with numbers. This study attempts to determine the effect of instructional materials that develop number concepts and connect these concepts to mental computation procedures. The study used 16 classes of eighth-grade students and a pretest-posttest design with two treatment groups.…

Presented is a method of teaching adding and subtracting as an interrelated series of patterns using a number line. Examples of the use of this method as well as the materials necessary are discussed. Applications of the method to multiplication and division are given. (CW)

Tests of computational estimation ability (CEA), strategy (CES), and mental computation ability (MCA) of (n=124) fourth, (n=143) fifth, and (n=84) sixth graders found significant relationships between CEA and MCA and between CEA and CES but not between MCA and CES. (12 references) (Author/MKR)

Presents a series of reflections in which a second-grade teacher recognizes the value of encouraging children to develop various computational processes as well as a range of different solution approaches. Uses the context of mentally calculating costs of menu items. (MKR)

This study examines the different processes that institutional researchers use to calculate the number of transfers-out for the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Graduation Rate Survey (GRS), with a particular focus on how the process is influenced by institutional mission and data availability. Policy makers and the public…

Mathematical learning disabilities (MLDs) are often associated with math anxiety, yet until now, very little is known about the causal relations between calculation ability and math anxiety during early primary school years. The main aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the relationship between calculation ability, self-reported…

Written by a social worker for social work students, this is a nuts and bolts guide to statistics that presents complex calculations and concepts in clear, easy-to-understand language. It includes numerous examples, data sets, and issues that students will encounter in social work practice. The first section introduces basic concepts and terms to…

This yearbook responds to the growing recognition among mathematics educators of the importance of teaching and learning estimation. It makes a strong case for the importance of estimation in such domains as numerosity, computation, and measurement. An important theme is the interdependency between the process of estimating in a particular domain…

What students need to know in a world where most computations are done by machine is discussed. Needed changes in the mathematics curriculum are then detailed in relation to mental arithmetic, numeration, decimals and fractions, paper-and-pencil computation, order of operations, problem solving, and instruction on calculator use. (MNS)

More mental computation and organized and enjoyable activities to practice such skills are advocated. Suggestions for brief sessions involving challenging questions and quick recall of number facts are presented. The author presents and comments on several sample lessons designed for a wide range of student abilities. (MP)

Assessed attitude, computational preferences, and mental computational performance of 176, 187, 186, and 206 Japanese students in grades 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Found wide ranges of performance on mental computation, that visual modes of presentation increased performance levels, and a narrow range of strategies. Contains assessments. (37…

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was invented in the 1920s to partition variance of a single dependent variable into uncorrelated parts. Having uncorrelated parts makes the computations involved in ANOVA incredibly easier. This was important before computers were invented, when calculations were all done by hand, and also were done repeatedly to check…

This manual provides information needed to meet the standards for pesticide applicator certification. Section one is concerned with the morphology, life cycle and breeding areas of mosquitoes and the diseases resulting from their presence. The second section covers similar categories in relation to the black fly population. Calculation methods and…

A math teacher describes an approach to help special education students solve addition and subtraction problems through a system involving finger counting. The systems for subtraction and addition solve the problem faced by students unable to memorize facts and unable to use their fingers when numbers exceeded five. (Illustrations of the approach…

A calculation method using the 10 fingers to perform the four basic operations with whole numbers can be an introductory and supplementary approach to math instruction for handicapped children. Using the finger calculation method to learn arithmetic is supported by J. Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Studies showing the worth of this…