Discusses the distinctions between training, instruction, and teaching. Suggests that training focuses on the tools, whereas instruction focuses on using the tools to achieve certain outcomes; teaching works over a longer period of time, and complements training and instruction. (LRW)

The sociology of the curriculum has been placed at the centre of a narrative of how social and cultural reproduction is effected through the symbolic power of the school. An influential body of critique maintains that the forms of the curriculum are characterized by an "arbitrary" that effectively confines access to knowledge to those students who…

In reaction to Doret De Ruyter's recent defence of the importance of ideals in education, I advocate cautiousness in three respects. First, I explain the importance of distinguishing ideals more sharply from goals by demonstrating the problems of considering ideals even approximately realisable. Second, I substantiate my doubts about their…

The document consists of collected articles which provide information to teachers on constructing goals for K-12 social studies and developing learning activities which implement those goals. The project was undertaken in response to national interest in citizenship education and in an attempt to enable teachers to identify basic skills to which…

Six essays on technical measurement problems in criterion referenced tests and four essays by psychometricians proposing solutions are presented: (1) "Criterion-Referenced Measurement" and Other Such Terms, by Marvin C. Alkin which is an overview of the first six papers; (2) Selecting Objectives and Generating Test Items for Objectives-Based…

This Pennsylvania Comprehensive Mathematics Plan (PCMP) was designed for the State Department of Education to chart the direction for mathematics education in the upcoming decade. Sections in this report cover: (1) the goals of PCMP, (2) the PCMP and instructional objectives, (3) the curriculum, (4) teachers' professional growth, (5) learning…

The paper presents a rationale, major concepts, and basic vocabulary related to citizenship education. The aim of the document is to aid elementary and secondary school classroom teachers as they develop and implement citizen education programs. The paper is presented in five major sections. Section I explains the purpose of the paper. Section II…

The results of a 1976 study, "Measures of Institutional Goal Achievement" (MIGA), based on a survey of 1,150 faculty, administrators, and trustees at 45 American colleges and universities are presented, and implications for the work of college planners and administrators are assessed. Respondents, answering questions about goal priorities and…

This publication presents guidelines to aid curriculum committees in the construction of elementary and secondary social studies programs which take account of the most current thinking. Fifteen guidelines, based on the components of knowledge, thinking, and social action, deal with purposes, content, and instructional strategies. Each guideline…

Characterized by its establishment of desirable outcomes in language arts instruction for pupils of each grade level, K-12, this guide presents a sequentially-structured program of active student participation and flexible, individualized instruction. The first chapter lists basic concepts for language, language development, and the purposes and…

The potential value and limitations of contrastive linguistic analysis (CLA) in pedagogical application are examined in this article. Attempts to quantify learning tasks in the modes of difference and difficulty are illustrated by the use of four diagrams: (1) a method of computing actual learning tasks, (2) two contrastive continuums, (3) a…

Today's educational system is criticized for neglecting the affective components of education. This evaluation attempts to simplify the task of selecting and incorporating these affective components into an existing system of goals. The best selection of affective goals is one that is inclusive, objective and flexible. The sources used in…

Research is currently underway at the Malmo School of Education dealing with selected aspects of educational objectives in compulsory school at the "gymnasium" and post-"gymnasium" levels. The main thesis is that these schools prepare students with knowledge and specific skills but fail to equip the student with more general skills and attitudes…

This is the first revision of this collection for students in grades kindergarten through high school. The Listening section contains 31 objectives with one or more evaluation items in the following major categories: (1) Affective Listening, (2) Comprehension and Interpretation, and (3) Analytical Listening and Critical Listening. Oral Expression…

This document provides a classification of educational objectives in the cognitive and affective domains, defines each objective, and offers examples. Special emphasis is not given to any particular objective; it is left to the teachers in a given program to determine the specific objectives to be derived in each learning experience within the…