Individual action is a basic analytical unit in educational action. This paper examines how individual and organizational actions in schools draw their true meanings from the institutional structure of education and complement each other in creating different structures of meanings in different practical educational situations. The paper argues…

This paper summarizes a new paradigm of instructional supervision, which shifts the focus on supervision from an examination of individual behavior to the improvement of work processes and social system components of the school district. The paradigm, called "Knowledge Work Supervision," helps teams of teachers and specially trained supervisors…

This paper summarizes a new paradigm of instructional supervision, which shifts the focus from individual behavior to the improvement of work processes and social system components of the school district. The proposed paradigm, the Knowledge Work Supervision model, is derived from sociotechnical systems design theory and linked to the premise that…

This book, in three parts, presents a set of studies that: (1) explores some significant questions about mathematics teaching and learning and (2) illustrates new methodologies for the analysis of new kinds of questions about mathematics education. The data from the Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) are the starting point for all of…

Anthropologists have documented the importance of rites of passage rituals for marking the successful passage from one position in the social structure to another. The characteristics and importance of rituals and rites of passage to mark the transition high school to college will be presented. It is proposed that colleges and universities utilize…

In order to investigate the relationship among student orientation--social or conceptual--perception of educational process and context, satisfaction, data from a ten per cent random sample (final "n" was 626) drawn from ninth through twelfth grade students from four public schools was analyzed. Self-administered questionnaires were…

Briefly describes society's perception of black children, black adults' responsibility for black children, and problems encountered in attempting to liberate the black child, asserting that white society has ill-defined and mis-educated the public irrespective of blacks' counter reactions. (Author/JM)

Attempts to show conceptually that the continued poverty of the black community is a result of the persistence of an overall environment that keeps black people in subjugation, developing a framework identifying the quantitative and qualitative nature of the environment, and discussing various aspects of the economic conditions of black people.…

Examines one aspect of conjugal role relationships--leisure activities which are "consumption" from the urban point of view. A sample of young adults in two adjacent neighborhoods in Tel Aviv was interviewed. The findings indicate significant differences in the relative degree of joint leisure activities of the neighborhoods. (Author)

Designed for both the specialist and nonspecialist, the book provides a synthesis of Southwestern Indian culture based on long familiarity with the people. Chapter 1 describes the physical aspects of American Indians, land and Aboriginal inhabitants, and development of socio-religious patterns. Chapter II is about Pueblo Peoples (Tanoans,…

Reports an in-depth participant observation of a rural American commune located in a canyon in Northwestern United States in the summer of 1971, focusing on the internal dynamics of the commune; values and beliefs are viewed as the primary focus of integration in addition to common definitions, solidarity, and other factors. (JM)

In his survey of research on social mobility and U.S. immigration, George Borjas underscores two insights. First, most immigrants are at a sizable earnings disadvantage, relative to nativeborn workers. Second, the earnings of different groups of immigrants vary widely. The children of immigrants "catch up" to native-born workers slowly.…

The social world of the aged SRO tenant is described and analyzed. Characteristic features include an impoverishment of social roles and relationships which result in a "world of strangers." Dominant norms of SRO life which preclude the establishment of intimacy are examined; these include prescriptive norms of privacy, freedom, and…

Explores factors influencing people to either support or oppose the idea of economic equality, emphasizing that low income people apparently oppose equality: a literature review is interpreted as suggesting the existence of an underlying belief structure consisting of five elements, all of which would have to be present if equality is to be…