This report describes research conducted regarding the development of a precise scientific language called the "Set-Function" Language (SFL) which was formulated in terms of sets and functions. The SFL retains many of the basic aspects of cognitive formulations but also provides more rigor than most of the other scientific languages. The SFL…

By presenting an interdisciplinary approach to environmental education, this booklet is intended to help teachers expand their classrooms to include all of man's environment. Through the use of environmental study areas selected for their educational potential, a student is encouraged to develop an awareness of his environment that will lead to a…

The study deals with the motivational characteristics which relate to divergent thinking and tests three hypotheses: no significant difference with regard to their fluency, flexibility, originality or combined divergent thinking scores exists between children with (1) high and low need for approval, (2) high and low anxiety, and (3) approval needs…

The purpose of this study was to explore among first grade children the relationship between achievement in mathematics and the understanding of the principles of conservation, seriation, and categorization as these are defined by Jean Piaget. Research instruments included those designed by Piaget and the Greater Cleveland Mathematics Tests.…

This study analyzes the relative effects of two categories of variables upon the learning of a basic social science concept by a kindergarten population. Major hypotheses were: (1) Subjects receiving treatments with low degrees of irrelevant material would score significantly higher on concept-learning measures related to the task than those…

This study was undertaken to develop a taxonomy of conceptual objectives for use in planning programs of instruction related to environmental management education (K-16) and to determine whether or not biases exist among persons representative of selected disciplines. Survey techniques to obtain and validate concepts appropriate for environmental…

The purpose of these four studies (two pilot studies and two experiments) was to investigate the effects of verbal processes and dimensional preferences in children's learning and transfer. Experiment I investigated the effect of verbal instructions upon motor responses. Discriminate verbal instructions produced statistically significant higher…

The objective of this study was to explicate the concept "involvement" so as to determine: (1) its range of meanings in both ordinary language and in the area of program development in adult education; and (2) how the range of meanings was used in empirical studies of a causal nature. The first task provided the basis for determining the internal…

The OST is a technique quite different from anything reported elsewhere in the literature. The model underlying OST work assumes that an individual's intellect, at any given point in time, is the set of all information he has at his disposal at that point in time. The set of concepts an individual has at any point in time may radically change over…

Fourth grade children read experimental lessons, each of which presented one of the following: (1) a concept definition and placebo material; (2) a rational set of examples and nonexamples of the concept and placebo material; (3) the definition, a rational set, and placebo material; or (4) the definition and three different rational sets. Control…

This document presents case studies of children from five preschools of Head Start's Planned Variation Program. The case studies are designed to reflect the meaning of the preschool experience for each individual child, with emphasis on changes in self concept, concepts of the world, interpersonal interactions, and task-oriented behavior. Children…

The series is a collection of translations from the Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematical instruction and the related methods of teaching mathematics. The aim of the series is to acquaint educators and teachers with directions, ideas, and accomplishments in the psychology of mathematical instruction…

To determine concept usage performance of the mentally handicapped when confronted with familiar items used in the concept usage tasks, 32 common concepts were presented to 25 educable mentally handicapped and 22 non-retarded subjects. From the responses to this number of referents task, a concept usage task was constructed which required choosing…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypothesis testing instructions compared to brief instructions on the speed of shift problem solution of grade school age subjects, in order to provide information on the development of hypothesis testing behavior in children and the sampling characteristics of hypothesis testing in these…

This manual is the teacher's guide for the two mini-units "Observing" and "The Nature of Models," part of a series of units designed for non-academic high school students by the 1970 Senior High School Science Workshop Committee. Each unit consists of five lessons presented in the format: objectives, materials, references, teaching suggestions,…