A set of studies investigated the relative importance of operative schemes and figurative (rote) memory. In Study I, 60 concrete operational children from grades 1-4 were asked to reconstruct two types of stimuli from memory. In order to separate the effects of operative and figurative skill use, learning disabled children with poor figurative…

This paper examines the relationship between beginning reading and cognitive development and reviews some of the research conducted so far. It is noted that children learning to read may be in various stages of cognitive development, some at a preoperation stage, some at a concrete operation stage, and some at a transition stage. Instructional…

A study was undertaken to measure the effect on reading comprehension of forcing attention to different levels of analysis. The assumption was that since texts can be analyzed at a variety of levels, comprehension requires a basic strategic coordination of processing activities. Forty second grade, fifth grade, and college students read and…

Fifty first- and second-grade children's understanding of logico-mathematical relations were assessed using selected Piagetian tasks to test four hypotheses. The children's abilities to conserve numbers were compared to the means of mathematics concept scores and total mathematics scores of the 1972 Stanford Achievement Test, Form A. The…

The contribution of cognitive and affective experiences on empathy in children was assessed. It was expected that children receiving experience with both components would show more empathy than those receiving experience with only one or neither of these components. Six- to eight-year-olds participated in two phases, Training and Assessment. In…

THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT…

TO DETERMINE HOW TRAINING WOULD AFFECT CHILDREN FROM DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT, FIVE DISADVANTAGED AND FIVE ADVANTAGED PRESCHOOLERS WERE GIVEN SPECIFIC PROBLEM SOLVING TRAINING TO PREPARE TO SOLVE A CRITERION PROBLEM. THIS STUDY WAS AN ATTEMPT TO DISPROVE PIAGET'S THEORY THAT CHILDREN MUST HAVE REACHED A CERTAIN STAGE OF CONCRETE-OPERATIONAL…

Six tests were constructed, four on a pictorial level and two on a symbolic level, to measure the performance of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children, in three different ability groups, on problems concerning ratios or fractions. Two variables were of interest in the four tests on a pictorial level: (a) "equal" ratio situations vs.…

KaleidoSCOPE, under Title III, Elementary and Secondary Education Act, disseminates articles dealing with current topics and trends in education of particular interest to educators. This edition is the result of a series of programs dealing with learning and the underachiever. Dealing with the definition of the underachiever was John Holt,…

Education of the child, including preschool education, has been and still is a topic of great concern to many people. Translation of this concern into constructive programs for early childhood education is a profound problem, one that is debated often and emotionally. There is a dichotomy between those who favor educational practices based on…

Because disadvantaged children have usually experienced sensory-cognitive deprivation or distortion, it is necessary to discover ways to offset this deficit. A program is being conducted to learn to what degree the introduction of systematic programing, while motivation techniques are retained, can reorient essentially noncognitive learning styles…

Contained in this publication are seven items pertaining to the PMDC testing program: (1) scale and test administration directions for grade 1 and (2) for grade 2, (3) description of Hollingshead Socioeconomic Index, (4) School Profile and Class Profile Questionnaires, (5) master record forms, (6) pupil score sheet and report on the preliminary…

Excerpts from interviews with pupils in grades 1, 2, 3, and 6 to ascertain their interpretations of mathematical sentences and symbols are presented. Children were found to consider the equal sign as an operator symbol ("do something") and not as a relational symbol. Implications for teaching are briefly discussed. (MS)

This paper presents a theoretical model of empathy in which empathy is defined as a largely involuntary vicarious response to affective cues from another person or from his situation. The model has three components: affective, cognitive, and motivational. In the presentation of the affective component, five distinct models of empathic affect…

This study investigated: (1) the effects of early mother-infant interaction on the infant's cognitive and social development during the first year of life; (2) the impact of perinatal factors on that development; and (3) the differences, if any, in the impact of mother-infant interaction and perinatal factors on preterm and full term infants.…