This study was designed to test the effects of a sequence of 12 lessons on the ability of kindergarten and first-grade children to recognize and conserve numerousness. Two pretests were administered to the children in each grade level, the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test (nonverbal) and a test of numerousness. One post-test, the test of…

Studied was the effect of advance organizers, as defined by Ausubel, on the learning of concepts in science. Sixth grade classes studied two sequences of major concept-centered learning tasks developed by the investigator. The first had 12 lessons about energy forms and transformations; the second had five about photosynthesis and respiration as…

The two reported studies examined children's approaches to and success in conceptualizing a literal main idea in reading. The first study examined elementary pupils' ability to formulate a main idea for brief, carefully controlled paragraphs written with one specific but unstated main idea. The study revealed that although subjects' grade…

The concept of "explanation" is the focus of this study and of the working computer programs contained in it. The advent of the computer makes it possible to bring to bear on the art of explanation a vast information handling power. In the first sections, a definition of explanation, its differentiation from related subjects, and the more than 50…

Twenty-nine college undergraduates completed practice problems to learn the concept "Trochaic meter", receiving either no feedback (NF), correct answer feedback (CA), or attribute isolation feedback (AI). Subjects recorded their confidence in their answers for both practice and test items, along with the amount of time they spent studying the…

The Soviet position on vocabulary and the relationships among intelligence, language, and culture holds that thoughts and words have different developmental roots and that there are more differences than likenesses between them. In this United States study, 105 students grouped by their having parents in three different employment categories were…

In this study Piaget's method of the clinical interview was used to examine children's understanding of rotation about apoint at three age levels (6, 7, and 8). In two half-hour sessions, subjects (N = 108) were given four tasks: (1) an adaptation of Piaget's locus and circular motion experiment, and tasks concerned with (2) the circle as a locus…

Basic to Tiedeman's approach to career development and decision making is the assumption that one is responsible for one's own behavior because one has the capacity for choice and lives in a world which is not deterministic. Tiedeman, a cognitive-developmental theorist, views continuity of development as internal or psychological while…

A model of communication has been offered in response to the need for a meaningful conceptual framework generating representative, systematic, and integrated research in counseling and counselor training. The usefulness of the communications paradigm for the practitioner and counselor educator in their conceptualization of the counseling and…

A view of word-phrase comprehension instruction as making joint use of language mediation and inductive approaches to secure concept learning is presented. The concept learning task considered appears appropriate to objectives of primary instruction and at variance with tasks that typify concept learning research. (Author)

This study examines the differences in classificatory performance of children from middle class (MC) and from culturally deprived (CD) backgrounds at kindergarten and second grade levels. It was hypothesized that: (a) the ability to classify increases with age (b) CD children would score lower on talks of classification than children in MC groups…

The relationships between reading scores of seventh-grade readers and their scores on the Zaslow Concept Formation Test were studied. The Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test and Tests of General Ability scores were obtained from school records on 118 students of which 32 were considered high-scoring readers (upper 27 percent) and 32 low-scoring readers…

This study was undertaken to develop a taxonomy of conceptual objectives for use in planning programs of instruction related to environmental management (K-16) and to determine whether or not biases exist among persons representative of selected disciplines. Survey techniques to obtain and validate appropriate environmental management education…

This book on the growth of word meaning in children focuses on the development of the appreciation of the relations that exist among twenty selected words as the individual matures from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. The four preconceptions which determined the experimental tasks, the set of words used, and the methods of analysis…

This document presents Part I of a two-part study which sought to ascertain the relationship of grade level, achievement level, sex, and method of presentation to the various bases by which children classify geometric concepts. Two tasks, administered consecutively to 96 subjects in grades five, eight and eleven, consisted of the sequential…