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Peer reviewedNelson, Charles A.; Bloom, Floyd E. – Child Development, 1997
Two major advances in developmental brain sciences have implications for understanding development: (1) neuroimaging; and (2) molecular and cellular events that give rise to the developing brain and ways in which the brain is modified by experiences. Critical, new knowledge of behavioral development can be achieved by considering the…
Descriptors: Child Development, Developmental Psychology, Neurology, Neuropsychology
Peer reviewedMinshew, Nancy J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
This paper summarizes results of research on functional and structural abnormalities of the brain in autism. The current concept of causation is seen to involve multiple biologic levels. A consistent profile of brain function and dysfunction across methods has been found and specific neuropathologic findings have been found; but some research…
Descriptors: Anatomy, Autism, Etiology, Neurological Impairments
Peer reviewedBalottin, Umberto; And Others – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1989
The study of computerized tomography brain-scan findings with 45 autistic and 19 control subjects concluded that autism is nonspecifically associated with brain-scan abnormalities, and that other nonorganic, as well as organic, factors should be taken into account. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Computers, Etiology, Neurological Impairments
Peer reviewedDawson, Geraldine; And Others – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1988
The study investigated whether variations in P3 amplitude of the auditory event-related potential were related to the degree of language impairment and/or level of intellectual ability in 17 autistic children (ages 8-19). (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Children, Intelligence, Language Handicaps
Stafstrom, Carl E. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1993
This review examines clinical aspects of seizures among individuals with Down's syndrome and explores possible mechanisms by which the trisomy 21 brain may generate seizures. Evidence suggests an interplay between pathologically hyperexcitable membrane properties, altered neuronal structure, and abnormal inhibitory neurotransmission. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Downs Syndrome, Epilepsy, Etiology, Neurology
Peer reviewedOrnitz, Edward M.; And Others – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1993
Analysis of 54 autistic patients and 72 controls found no intergroup differences in startle modulation by inhibitory or facilitatory prestimulation, short-term habituation of startle amplitude, long-term habituation of startle amplitude or latency, or unmodulated startle amplitude. Differences included prolongation of unmodulated startle onset…
Descriptors: Autism, Neurology, Physiology, Responses
Peer reviewedDenny, Margaret; Smith, Anne – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2000
This study examined whether stuttering speakers (N=10) differed from fluent speakers in relations between the neural control systems for speech and life support. It concluded that in some stuttering speakers the relations between respiratory controllers are atypical, but that high participation by the high frequency oscillation-producing circuitry…
Descriptors: Adults, Neurology, Physiology, Speech Acts
Direct linkRothbart, Mary K.; Posner, Michael I. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005
The executive attention network is involved in regulating emotions and cognitions, forming a neural basis for temperamental self-regulation. New brain imaging and molecular genetics methods can enhance our understanding of common mechanisms of self-regulation and individual differences in their expression.
Descriptors: Neurology, Genetics, Individual Differences, Preschool Education
Aparicio, P.; Diedrichsen, J.; Ivry, R.B. – Brain and Cognition, 2005
Studies of basal ganglia dysfunction in humans have generally involved patients with degenerative disorders, notably Parkinson's disease. In many instances, the performance of these patients is compared to that of patients with focal lesions of other brain structures such as the cerebellum. In the present report, we studied the performance of…
Descriptors: Patients, Neurology, Psychomotor Skills, Self Efficacy
Bandopadhyay, Rina; Kingsbury, Ann E.; Cookson, Mark R.; Reid, Andrew R.; Evans, Ian M.; Hope, Andrew D.; Pittman, Alan M.; Lashley, Tammaryn; Canet-Aviles, Rosa; Miller, David W.; McLendon, Chris; Strand, Catherine; Leonard, Andrew J.; Abou-Sleiman, Patrick M.; Healy, Daniel G.; Ariga, Hiroyashi; Wood, Nicholas W.; de Silva, Rohan; Revesz, Tamas; Hardy, John A.; Lees, Andrew J. – Brain, 2004
Two mutations in the DJ-1 gene on chromosome1p36 have been identified recently to cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. As no information is available regarding the distribution of DJ-1 protein in the human brain, in this study we used a monoclonal antibody for DJ-1 to map its distribution in frontal cortex and substantia…
Descriptors: Diseases, Brain, Neurology, Neurological Impairments
Wilson, Donald A.; Fletcher, Max L.; Sullivan, Regina M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Olfactory perceptual learning is a relatively long-term, learned increase in perceptual acuity, and has been described in both humans and animals. Data from recent electrophysiological studies have indicated that olfactory perceptual learning may be correlated with changes in odorant receptive fields of neurons in the olfactory bulb and piriform…
Descriptors: Perception, Nonverbal Learning, Biochemistry, Neurology
Swant, Jarod; Wagner, John J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Dopamine has been demonstrated to be involved in the modulation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. As monoamine transporter blockade will increase the actions of endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters, the effect of a dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist on LTP was assessed using field excitatory postsynaptic…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurology, Biochemistry
Petitto, Laura-Ann – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2009
We discuss the fruits of educational neuroscience research from our laboratory and show how the typical maturational timing milestones in bilingual language acquisition provide educators with a tool for differentiating a bilingual child experiencing language and reading delay versus deviance. Further, early schooling in two languages…
Descriptors: Neurology, Monolingualism, Brain, Reading Instruction
Reiterer, Susanne; Pereda, Ernesto; Bhattacharya, Joydeep – Second Language Research, 2009
This article examines the question of whether university-based high-level foreign language and linguistic training can influence brain activation and whether different L2 proficiency groups have different brain activation in terms of lateralization and hemispheric involvement. The traditional and prevailing theory of hemispheric involvement in…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Second Language Learning, Neurology, Monolingualism
Antshel, Kevin M.; Fremont, Wanda; Kates, Wendy R. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2008
Although research has focused primarily on the wide range of variability in the cognitive phenotype between individuals with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), we know relatively little about the extent to which within-individual expressions of the cognitive phenotype remain stable throughout development. General cognitive functioning in the low…
Descriptors: Neurology, Neurological Impairments, Neurological Organization, Genetic Disorders
