This study examined children's development of the concept of the reciprocal relationship of question and answer by asking subjects to form questions to fit given answers and to form answers for given questions. A total of 72 children (18 per grades 1, 4, 7, and 10) participated in the study. Each child was tested individually on two tasks (the…

There is a need for conceptualization in the development of a Teacher Corps program and the instructional system which is part of that program. Program conceptualization should be viewed as an important process which permeates program design efforts. Conceptualization of program purposes and objectives provides a base for the design, development,…

The discovery of theory is a major task confronting educators and researchers in many disciplines. More specifically, Eisner (1971) contends that with the exception of four studies, no attempt to systematically study curriculum has been made. Further conceptualizations and empirical investigations in this area are needed. It's apparent that while…

This speech discusses concrete entities and abstract phenomena--focusing especially on the ideas of Plato and Aristotle. The author first explains that, according to Plato and Aristotle, there is a qualitative difference between things classified as concrete and those labeled abstract. She then questions whether there really is a difference…

This test contains 16 problems which yield a measure of the development of the concept of conservation in elementary school students. Each problem depicts a set of objects on which some transformation has been effected. The child then must make a decision about whether any changes have occurred in regard to specific characteristics of the object.…

Five psychologists who have approached the study of learning from different points of view were asked to prepare statements which examined their areas of interest for empirically-based knowledge of relevance to learning as found in the classroom. They presented their viewpoints at a symposium sponsored by Phi Delta Kappa. This book presents the…

The author discusses the grouping of meaning concepts into a system of the general and the specific as a logical and effective way of approaching language phenomena. Miller's utilization theory provides a model for setting up categories; Mandler's hierarchical adjustment, a model for establishing hierarchical order. The author hypothesizes a…

Forty-five students divided into six experimental groups were given a programed presentation using teaching machines, which included different feedback procedures. The most efficient feedback procedure was that of administering a specific review until the criterion frame performance was correct. The least efficient procedure was that of repeating…

This report, Bibliography, is designed to aid the researcher concerned with concept learning. It contains (1) rationale and strategy for compiling a bibliography of articles concerned with concept learning, (2) a definition of the word "concept," (3) a system for classifying articles by their content, (4) a bibliography of relevant articles…

Young children were studied in tasks that required them to select one object as "different" from another. Children systematically selected maximally similar objects until about 3 years of age, and thereafter performed correctly. Additional data derived from the children's verbal justifications and refusals to select suggested a 4-stage model in…

The purpose of this document was to present the development and validation of an instrument to be utilized by local inservice education coordinators in the evaluation of career education inservice training programs. It is proposed that the instrument, the Career Education Concept Inventory (CECI), can be used to provide a measure of understandings…

The author defines values, attitudes, and beliefs according to their relation to referents. A referent is a construct standing for a set or category of social objects, ideas, or behaviors that is the focus of an attitude. Attitudes and values are belief systems. Beliefs are enduring cognitions about referents; beliefs reflect the value and…

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a curriculum using Scandura's algorithmic approach to characterize the knowledge inherent in a text. Two one-semester curricula were compared: a discrete characterization (D) in which each class of behaviors was accounted for separately, one rule for each behavior; and a higher order…

This document deals with the Images component of the Modular Achievement Program (MAP) at Bowling Green State University. The component was designed to organize, evaluate and utilize an understanding of the world. The program is described in relation to history and time constraints, goals, students, faculty, implementation and assumptions, general…

This document is specifically an aid for teachers of handicapped children, providing information concerning the purchase of instructional materials. Many materials specifically designed for handicapped children are equally appropriate for young children without handicaps because a sensory modality is incorporated in the design. For a material to…