Describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. (Author)

Substruction is the illustration of the infrastructure of a research study--the foundational elements, their relationships, and outcome. It helps researchers increase their knowledge of theoretical, empirical, and descriptive links between a study's conceptual and operational components. (SK)

Discusses issues raised in two critiques of an earlier article concerning the reconceptualization of multicultural counseling. Points addressed include that the article does not imply that psychotherapy is outside the realm of scientific inquiry and that it does not serve as a model for multicultural counseling. (MKA)

Investigates students' responses to presentations of experimental results that conflicted with their preconceptions regarding electric circuits, and how those responses varied according to the type of inquiry skills required to obtain the results. Contains 24 references. (DDR)

Mathematics is much more than a collection of procedures for solving problems. Argues that the primary goal in the mathematics class is to create an awareness of the what, the how, and the why of mathematics. (ASK)

Uses an evolutionary perspective of conceptual change to consider a conception in the domain of linear functions. Summarizes the results of the written assessments and presents an analysis of the discussions for two pairs of students to show that the use of the x-intercept can be framed as a transitional conception. Contains 31 references.…

Explored early-developing predictions of object motion through 6-month-old infants' head tracking and reaching for moving objects. Found evidence for infants' extrapolation of object motion on linear paths, in accord with principle of inertia. This tendency was remarkably resistant to counter-evidence, observed even after repeated presentations of…

Sixty-three siblings (and their parents) of individuals with autism or related disorders were interviewed to determine their cognitive sophistication about autism. Although children's reasoning became more mature with age, it tended to develop at a delayed rate compared to norms for illness concepts. Parents tended to overestimate their child's…

Addresses deaf pupils' conceptions of directly-observed phenomena of the earth and sky. Studies 7-, 9-, 11-, and 17-year-old deaf pupils and uses 9-year-old Norwegian pupils with normal hearing as the control group. Reports that the children's conceptions are scientifically accepted. Indicates that the shape of the sign representing an object may…

Discusses the problems of conceptualization of the function limit in technological environments (principally graphing calculators today and symbolic calculators tomorrow) that are gradually being adopted in precalculus teaching. Explains how the instrumentation process and the conceptualization process are dependent on each other. Sets forth a…

Reports the findings of research into students' understanding of tides. Students from secondary school and pre-service primary school teacher trainees were chosen as subjects and their understanding was assessed by questionnaire. (Author/CCM)

Follows 168 Greek students ages 13-14 involved in a new sociocultural situation--a specially-designed introductory chemistry sequence. Results show that conceptual development occurred during the sequence. (Author/CCM)

Adresses how doctors know when they have learned enough to cease reading, or talking with colleagues, or using medicine and begin using what they have learned to solve the precipitating problem. (Author/CCM)

Metatheory is the analysis of the presuppositions of a field of knowledge or practice. This article examines presuppositions underlying concepts of information science: information, knowledge (personal and public), message, message designation, information want and need, query, and relevance and information search. Summarizes presuppositions in…

Two experiments examined 4- to 5-year-olds' acquisition of family-resemblance categories for fictitious animals. Results showed that children who performed theory-guided learning were more successful at making feature/category associations than children who performed similarity-guided learning and categorized attributes significantly better than…