Research supported by Grant No. GB-6839 from the National Science Foundation.

A prevalent theory about the cognitive aspect of humor is that most humorous stimuli are characterized by incongruity that is first perceived and then resolved. However, the combination of incongruity and resolution is not sufficient for constituting a joke--resolution should be inadequate as well. In other words, resolution is brought about by…

Treating views of communication through consideration of contrasting conceptions of intersubjectivity is possible because the two domains are articulated in different terms and are at the same time closely identified. There are three images of intersubjectivity that reflect the dominant ways in which the dichotomy of the individual and the social…

READING AND THINKING ARE NOT ALWAYS DISTINCT FROM EACH OTHER, ALTHOUGH EACH REPRESENTS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS AND USES. THE PROBLEM IS NOT WHETHER THE TWO ARE SYNONYMOUS, BUT HOW MUCH TEACHERS SHOULD TELL STUDENTS AND HOW MUCH STUDENTS SHOULD DISCOVER FOR THEMSELVES. RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT CHILDREN ARE CAPABLE OF APPLYING ELEMENTARY SKILLS OF…

IN A REPRODUCTION TASK WHICH INCLUDED INSTANCES OF SEVERAL SCHEMATA MIXED TOGETHER, SUBJECTS LEARNED TO DISTINGUISH AMONG THE SCHEMATA WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS. A BEST FITTING EQUATION DESCRIBING PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF NUMBER OF REPRODUCTION TRIALS ACCURATELY PREDICTED LEARNING WITH NEW SUBJECTS AND PATTERNS RANDOMLY SAMPLED FROM A…

THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY PIAGET TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IS SUMMARIZED. PIAGET'S INFLUENCE ON BERLYNE AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGISTS, THE RESEARCH METHODS USED BY PIAGET, AND THE CONCEPTS HE FORMULATED ARE BRIEFLY DESCRIBED. THE GOAL OF HIS RESEARCH CONDUCTED AT GENEVA IS IDENTIFIED AS THE DISCOVERY OF THE SUCCESSIVE STAGES IN THE…

HYPOTHESIZING THAT CONGENITALLY BLIND ADULTS WOULD SCORE LOWER ON TESTS OF ABSTRACTION THAN ADVENTITIOUSLY BLIND OR SIGHTED ADULTS, THIS STUDY TESTED 25 CONGENITALLY BLIND, 25 ADVENTITIOUSLY BLIND, AND 25 SIGHTED SUBJECTS. THE WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE (WAIS) VOCABULARY TEST WAS ADMINISTERED TO EACH GROUP AND RESULTS SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT…

"THE BEST YOU CAN WRITE WILL BE THE BEST YOU ARE," WAS THE HYPOTHESIS AND THE CONCLUSION. BASED ON THIS BELIEF, TEACHERS ASSUME A SECOND-PLACE POSITION AND THE GREATEST EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON THE STUDENT AND HIS OWN PERSONAL ENCOUNTER WITH EXPERIENCE AND WITH HIMSELF. THE TEACHER'S PRINCIPAL INTEREST AND RESPONSIBILITY WAS TO ASSIST THE…

Children with a mean age of 2;10 were presented with three tasks designed to evaluate their concept of front-back orientation. Two of the tasks were non-linguistic (a parade task and a canonical encounter task, involving nine toy objects). A third linguistic task assessed the child's knowledge of "front" and "back" by asking him/her to point to…

The most efficient and pragmatic conceptual system of viewing theatre work is through a communication model. This model is opposed to two other general conceptions of theatre and drama. The first is based on the notion that drama makes aesthetic demands and has requirements of its own that the artist must meet, even though it has no existence…

This workbook is designed to help participants of the Independence Training Program (ITP) to achieve a definition of "independence." The program was developed for teenage girls. The process for developing the concept of independence consists of four steps. Step one instructs the participant to create an imaginary situation where she is…

The purpose of this field test was to see if young children are capable of producing operationalizations using the "Operationalization of Fuzzy Concepts" procedure. The fuzzy concept used was "having fun in school," and the procedure was conducted with four children aged 7-8. The procedure involved the following five steps: (a)…

This activity oriented guide was developed for teachers of environmental education K-12 by the Cooperative Educational Service Agency (CESA) 12 in Portage, Wisconsin. Concepts that form the basis of the guide are the 44 most important of the 112 environmental education concepts that were identified by Dr. Robert E. Roth. Activities that can…

This report, a supplement to Technical Report Number 82, is designed to aid the researcher concerned with concept learning. It contains: (1) a rationale and strategy for compiling a bibliography of articles concerned with concept learning; (2) a definition of the word concept; (3) a system for classifying articles by their content; (4) a…

Fifteen elementary schools (310 fourth-grade pupils) used in this study were classified as serving high, middle, or low social-economic groups on the basis of information from the city offices and the administration of the metropolitan school district participating in the study. The children in all of the schools used the same text and had the…