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Direct linkNyhus, Erika; Barcelo, Francisco – Brain and Cognition, 2009
For over four decades the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) has been one of the most distinctive tests of prefrontal function. Clinical research and recent brain imaging have brought into question the validity and specificity of this test as a marker of frontal dysfunction. Clinical studies with neurological patients have confirmed that, in its…
Descriptors: Research Design, Construct Validity, Validity, Neurology
Srihasam, Krishna; Bullock, Daniel; Grossberg, Stephen – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
Oculomotor tracking of moving objects is an important component of visually based cognition and planning. Such tracking is achieved by a combination of saccades and smooth-pursuit eye movements. In particular, the saccadic and smooth-pursuit systems interact to often choose the same target, and to maximize its visibility through time. How do…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Neurology, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization
De Brito, Stephane A.; Mechelli, Andrea; Wilke, Marko; Laurens, Kristin R.; Jones, Alice P.; Barker, Gareth J.; Hodgins, Sheilagh; Viding, Essi – Brain, 2009
Brain imaging studies of adults with psychopathy have identified structural and functional abnormalities in limbic and prefrontal regions that are involved in emotion recognition, decision-making, morality and empathy. Among children with conduct problems, a small subgroup presents callous-unemotional traits thought to be antecedents of…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Hyperactivity, Neurology, Brain
Sadowsky, Cristina L.; McDonald, John W. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
Physical rehabilitation following spinal cord injury-related paralysis has traditionally focused on teaching compensatory techniques, thus enabling the individual to achieve day-to-day function despite significant neurological deficits. But the concept of an irreparable central nervous system (CNS) is slowly being replaced with evidence related to…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Injuries, Anatomy, Human Body
Barkley, Russell A. – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2009
Commenting on an historically significant article by A. T. Childers ("Hyper-Activity in Children Having Behavior Disorders," "American Journal of Orthopsychiatry," 5:227-243 1935), Barkley states that it is evident that the Childers' article deserves a place of importance in the history of ADHD, as much of what Childers found to be associated with…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Hyperactivity, Conference Papers, Attention Deficit Disorders
Krishnan, Ananthanarayan; Gandour, Jackson T. – Brain and Language, 2009
Historically, the brainstem has been neglected as a part of the brain involved in language processing. We review recent evidence of language-dependent effects in pitch processing based on comparisons of native vs. nonnative speakers of a tonal language from electrophysiological recordings in the auditory brainstem. We argue that there is enhancing…
Descriptors: Tone Languages, Brain, Language Processing, Native Speakers
Reiss, Allan L. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Significant advances in understanding brain development and behavior have not been accompanied by revisions of traditional academic structure. Disciplinary isolation and a lack of meaningful interdisciplinary opportunities are persistent barriers in academic medicine. To enhance clinical practice, research, and training for the next…
Descriptors: Models, Autism, Interdisciplinary Approach, Psychiatry
Reilly, Frank D. – Anatomical Sciences Education, 2011
This study investigated the educational benefits of system-based lecture notes and interactive learning objects in a peripheral nervous system component of a traditional first-year medical school human anatomy course. The impetus for the investigation was anecdotal evidence suggesting enhanced learner satisfaction with the learning resources.…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Medical Schools, Courseware, Likert Scales
Shore, Rebecca; Bryant, Joel – AASA Journal of Scholarship & Practice, 2011
Advanced technologies have made it possible for neuroscientists to make remarkable discoveries regarding how our brains learn. This research should provide new insights into the designs of learning environments. This essay is an attempt to suggest how the possibilities of neuroscience might be employed to meet contemporary educational demands,…
Descriptors: Technological Advancement, Brain, Cognitive Processes, Scientific Research
Smith, Pauline M.; Ferguson, Alastair V. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2008
Hunger is defined as a strong desire or need for food while satiety is the condition of being full or gratified. The maintenance of energy homeostasis requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The regulation of food intake is a complex behavior. It requires discrete nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) to detect…
Descriptors: Hunger, Anatomy, Neurology, Physiology
Phelps, LeAdelle – School Psychology Quarterly, 2008
This article provides an update of the search for genetic markers related to Tourette's Disorder. The probable neurophysiology of the disorder is reviewed. Frequently prescribed medications are related to the probable biological bases of the disorder. Behavioral interventions and assessment tools are examined. It is concluded that evidence based…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Genetics, Neurology, Drug Therapy
Raymer, Anastasia M.; Beeson, Pelagie; Holland, Audrey; Kendall, Diane; Maher, Lynn M.; Martin, Nadine; Murray, Laura; Rose, Miranda; Thompson, Cynthia K.; Turkstra, Lyn; Altmann, Lori; Boyle, Mary; Conway, Tim; Hula, William; Kearns, Kevin; Rapp, Brenda; Simmons-Mackie, Nina; Gonzalez Rothi, Leslie J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose: In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method: In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with…
Descriptors: Investigations, Aphasia, Speech Therapy, Workshops
Dong, Chenghai; Upadhya, Sudarshan C.; Ding, Lan; Smith, Thuy K.; Hegde, Ashok N. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays important roles in synaptic plasticity, but the molecular mechanisms by which proteolysis regulates synaptic strength are not well understood. We investigated the role of the proteasome in hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP), a model for enduring synaptic plasticity.…
Descriptors: Maintenance, Inhibition, Microbiology, Cognitive Processes
Salem, Yasser; Gropack, Stacy Jaffee – Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 2010
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of alpha motor neurons. This case report describes an aquatic therapy program and the outcomes for a 3-year-old girl with type III SMA. Motor skills were examined using the 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales…
Descriptors: Intervention, Physical Activities, Therapy, Motor Development
Dalgarno, Barney; Kennedy, Gregor; Bennett, Sue – Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 2010
This paper reviews existing methods used to address questions about interactivity, cognition and learning in multimedia learning environments. Existing behavioural and self-report methods identified include observations, audit trails, questionnaires, interviews, video-stimulated recall, and think-aloud protocols. The limitations of these methods…
Descriptors: Multimedia Instruction, Brain, Neurology, Neurological Organization
