Presents two studies that describe behavior of very young children in tasks requiring self-control. Behavior of 27 two-year-olds completing a task was observed and coded in Study 1 using a 10-category coding system. In the second study, 82 children 24 to 36 months old were observed in three delay tasks. Significant effects were found for age and…

Describes two experiments that assessed young children's understanding of the characteristic uncertainty in the physical nature of random phenomena as well as the unpredictability of outcomes. (HOD)

Concludes that strategies are not responsible for memory span development in children 7 through 13 years old. Running and fixed memory span tasks and a running probe task were administered to 38 children. The probe task showed age differences as great as with the fixed span task. Span was reduced by approximately half an item over all ages.…

Described are the development and validation of two computer-based Piagetian assessment instruments, designed to assist teachers in identifying cognitive reasoning patterns. Implications for teachers are presented. (Author/MT)

The reflective judgment stages of 25 college students were compared at college entry and four years later, and significant gains were found in stage scores. (Author)

This article links recent research on human cognitive functioning with developing conceptions of human competence and applies these major developments to the place of home economics in the secondary school. This research focuses on thinking and learning processes and factors that influence these processes and their outcomes. (CT)

Examines common assumptions about children's memory and discusses their implications for legal practice. Asserts that, while research has shown that children recall less than adults, there is little evidence for other deficits in children's memory. Describes research suggesting that children may have difficulty with some, but not all,…

Argues that the popular view of the superiority of literacy over television is incorrect. Reviews literature contradicting the popular view, analyzes demands television makes on viewer/auditor, emphasizes that children's purposes for viewing influence the amount of mental effort they invest, and discusses implications for school and home use of…

Small family size has a number of apparently positive effects on a child's intellectual development. Discusses trends in Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores which strongly parallel changes in American family size. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores also reflect family size and parent education level; larger families correlate with lower IQs. (DH)

Results of the study involving 16 quadriplegic children (9 months-12 years old) indicated that early cognitive milestones can be achieved by children severely physically disabled since birth and that general intellectual level may be more important than severity of the motor handicap in determining such achievement. (Author/CL)

Performance on a battery of cognitive measures was analyzed in terms of hand preference for 62 children (5-17 years old) with Pervasive Developmental Disorders including autism. There was a clear (though nonsignificant) trend on all tests for left-handers to have higher scores than right-handers. Mixed-hand preference Ss demonstrated the lowest…

Reviews a model of cognitive development relating the self and self-evaluation, guidelines for applying the model, and counseling applications. Recognizes that individuals may vary their level of abstraction depending on such things as the source of information, the context, and the part of the self being discussed. (LLL)

Argues that cognitive and affective systems do not develop in parallel and that affects serve a communicative function. (RH)

Results of Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test for 251 deaf and 101 hearing children in Israel included that (1) factor structure for total deaf group differs from that of hearing group; (2) differences in cognitive structure were evident by age level for deaf; and (3) differences exist between cognitive structures of hearing and deaf…

Research established a moderate relation between toy availability and children's development throughout early childhood. Several aspects of psychological theory appear to describe part of the relation: cognitive developmental theory, relating learning and development, script theory, theories of intrinsic motivation, and theories relating play to…