As most psychological research and theory has overlooked the differing roles of conscious and unconscious processing in cognition, a short historical review of the topic is presented. It is argued that a functional approach to research and analysis of cognition, particularly of knowledge acquisition, may reveal that the mode of…

Two component skills of object permanence were studied: existence constancy -- the infants' ability to expect that an object continues to exist after it is hidden, and localization skill -- infants' ability to search in the correct place for a hidden object. Contradictions within the literature may occur because of task lability caused by failure…

This article serves as a rejoinder to TM 502 436, focusing on the potential resilience of human cognitive growth. (DEP)

Explores contradictions arising from Piaget's transposition of the phylogenetic problem of the appearance of new forms to the ontogeny of knowledge. Discussion focuses on development as the organization of contents by preformed structures, on early development as a succession of representational organizations, and on concepts of structure and…

Discusses the logical discontinuity between object and personal knowledge. Proposes an extension of Piaget's subject-object equilibrium to a dialogic situation between an ego and an alter. Suggests that this structural model provides a scheme by which differences in adulthood between adaptive and maladaptive cognitive change can be clarified.…

A review of research on the ways blind children develop and mediate the environment focuses on questions of comparative studies of blind and normal children's development and on issues in blind children's unique development. Three stages of mediation are noted (access, exploration, and interpretation). (CL)

Measures of cognitive, verbal, and functional performance obtained at widely separated time periods were examined for adults with Down syndrome. Comparisons of first and last test profiles demonstrated significant increases over five years, not attributable to year of entry into program, history of institutionalization, or age of the individuals.…

The author contends everyone exposes their personal values in their daily lives and that teachers should be trained to recognize this and act upon it if they are to be effective. (MM)

Argues that Vico's constructivist epistemology is germane to contemporary cognitive developmental psychology, first in clarifying the meaning of the environment in Piaget's theory and second by providing, through the description of mental operations, a way of overcoming directions to the overly formal quality of Piaget's basic concrete-operational…

Focuses on individual strengths of articles by Jensen and van der Maas, and Halford et al., and the power of their combined perspectives. Suggests a performance model that can both evaluate specific theoretical claims and reveal important data features that had been previously obscured using conventional statistical analyses. Maintains that the…

Investigated the relationship between P300 or P3 event-related brain potential and cognitive development by assessing contributions of short-term memory to changes in component amplitude and latency in 5- to 14-year-old children. Results suggested that cognitive development is indexed by decreases in P300 latency. (SAK)

Five experiments examined children's expectations about what might be inside animals and machines. Found that children had abstract expectations that guide their search for differences between animals and machines, and that 8-year olds had more concrete expectations than preschoolers. These results are consistent with an abstract-to-concrete model…

Examined the relationship between changes in electroencephalograms and the development of the ability to perform cognitive tasks involving frontal lobe functioning in infants of 7 to 12 months of age. Infants who successfully found a hidden object showed changes in the power of brain electrical activity in the frontal lobe. (BC)

Investigated 4- and 7-month olds' matching of unfamiliar, dynamic faces and voices on basis of age or maturity. Found significant matching at both ages; infant's prior experience with children appeared to facilitate matching at 7 months. Also found visual preference for children's faces. Another experiment assessed matching by 7-month olds, only…

Three experiments with a novel variation of the inductive generalization procedure examined 18- and 22-month-olds' knowledge of objects' motion properties. Infants observed simple air and land movements modeled with an appropriate category member (e.g. dog) or an ambiguous block and were allowed to imitate with one or more of four exemplars. The…