While evidence exists that a person's peripheral temperature responds to his state of arousal or stress, it also responds to other environmental factors. Wrist temperature has been found to vary with ambient temperature, and to increase during the school day. Before wrist temperature can be established as a valid measure of anxiety, stress, or…

This paper argues that during the past two decades, research on teaching effectiveness can be identified with three differing paradigms: (1) the technical/"scientific"; (2) the humanistic; and (3) the person-centered paradigms. It is further proposed that if teaching is viewed as an art or craft and learning as an ever present process,…

The dichotomy between the "critical" schools of thought and research practice and the more dominant "empirical" school in the field of communication creates a ferment similar to that described by G. Gerbner in 1983 concerning academic problems in mass communication because of different research perspectives. When addressing the…

The following organizations and agencies sent their suggestions and comments on the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Elementary/Secondary Education Data Redesign Project: American Association for Counseling and Development, American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, American Library Association, Indiana University,…

Educators' disenchantment with administrative training has prompted a critical reappraisal of the knowledge base used to prepare school leaders. This paper urges the inclusion of the gender concept in discussions of research agenda for school administrators. With gender serving as an effective sorting mechanism for both clients and professionals,…

Although college students may provide the data for many studies of educational institutions, the viewpoint of students is often excluded from the interpretation of these data. The social scientists and educational researchers who examine colleges and universities are adult/professionals and more likely to identify with other adult/professionals…

This document provides the testimony of Lois-ellin Datta, Associate Director of the United States General Accounting Office, before the House Subcommittee on Census and Population, on the evaluation of poverty indicators. Many of the concerns raised about the Census Bureau's experimental valuation methods can be systematically assessed, and the…

A 6-month, qualitative study of the nature of literate behavior in the pretend play episodes of eight preschool children resulted in a taxonomy of their pretend play activity. Data were gathered in a setting where teachers implemented a cognitively oriented curriculum that encouraged language development and problem solving through play.…

This issue of the "Professions Education Research Notes" is devoted to the theme of "The Future of Educational Research in the Professions." Four articles have been extracted from the issue to form this document: "The Future of Educational Research in the Professions," by Carole J. Bland, introduces the other articles and describes, as context for…

In the developmental literature increasing attention has been given to childrearing factors and their influence on the development of childhood behavior and attitudes, focusing primarily on maladaptive behaviors. Relatively little attention has been focused on positive family factors and their influence on prosocial development. However, research…

Although previous conceptualizations have made distinctions among two types of research, this paper suggests conceptual distinctions among three types of research: basic, applied, and evaluation. In an evolving field, distinctions are based on recent writings and the elaboration of evaluation research as different in emphasis from basic and…

There exists an abundance of research on topics relevant to the decisions organizations must take in allocating and developing their resources. This paper addresses the problem of integrating those research results. Data needed for the meta-analysis approach to research integration are sometimes not available in the published literature.…

Application of a common framework in studies of the development of social cognition can reduce conceptual and methodological ambiguities and enable clearer study of core issues. This paper describes the core issues and their attendant problems, outlines a model of information integration that addresses the issues, and describes some illustrative…

Many people feel that the making of value judgments is an important aspect of the work of science. This paper explores some of the arguments in support of the claim that scientific work requires individual and social values and raises significant moral questions. Discussed here are: (1) the constitutive value of science; (2) the ethics involved in…

Television and television advertising, because of their pervasiveness and intrusiveness, have been identified by many as potent, formative, and usually negative influences within our culture. Print media, including magazine advertising, although perhaps less potent, are perceived as equally important. The effects of gender portrayals on audiences…