Five papers on African linguistics are presented. "Observations on Some Derivational Affixes in Kiswahili Predicate Items" (Assibi Apatewon Amidu) examines the few morphemes recognized in the Swahili derivational affix system and suggests changes in the rules of vowel harmony and in presentation and representation of the affixes in use.…

This graduate level text on second language learning is divided into three sections. The first two sections provide a survey of the historical underpinnings of second language research in contrastive analysis and error analysis. The third section includes discussions of recent developments in the field. The first section contains articles on the…

A study examined the development of discourse cohesion in first language acquisition within a functional and cross-linguistic perspective. The analyses focused on how children introduce new referents in discourse across four languages: English, French, German, and Mandarin Chinese. The data base consists of narratives produced by children between…

The teaching unit provides materials for the fourth year of the six-year secondary school curriculum in Ukrainian as a second language. It focuses on concepts identified for study at the grade 10 level, expression of location and destination, with a comprehensive study of the locative case of nouns and their modifiers. In completing the unit,…

This elementary school, introductory level curriculum guide for English as a second language (ESL) contains information on the program's educational objectives and philosophy, outlines for 10 units on basic elements of grammar, and appendixes. Each unit outline includes a listing of structural items, cultural concepts, notes on pronunciation and…

The results of a study assessing the grammatical instruction needs of developmental English students and students of advanced English as a second language (ESL) at the University of Louisiana are reported. Faculty hypothesized that developmental English and freshman ESL students made many similar grammatical errors, and to test this hypothesis, a…

This book reports on research in the area of address patterns, such as titles, last or first names, and the formal and informal pronouns used in many languages. The research was inspired by two distinct issues: (1) what is actually intended by a "sender" when he makes a particular choice of address form, and (2) what is actually…

This is the second to two volumes dealing with a comprehensive review of structural patterns in the Advanced Preparatory Course prepared by the Defense Language Institute. All essential grammatical structures introduced in the Basic Course are included in the 15 lessons. The purpose of the review is to stimulate recall and reinforce previously…

Clark's 1987 Principle of Contrast seems inconsistent with the synonymy exhibited by inflectional affixes in languages with inflection classes. But if inflection class membership identifies the inflection class of the lexemes to which it attaches, then inflection affixation complies with this principle. Grammatical implications are suggested. (76…

Current figures (CILT, 2005) indicate that, whilst the numbers of students taking post-16 modern foreign language public examinations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have declined overall between 2000 and 2004, one of the biggest drops is for German, which has experienced a steady year-on-year decline over the same period at the full A…

Junior high school students are introduced to the standard collegiate dictionary in this mini-unit. Material is divided into teacher and student sections. The teacher section contains a list of objectives and activities, local district (California) libraries, and answer keys for student exercises. Following a rationale for learning dictionary…

An analysis of the use of attenuation (structural or semantic softening of the speech act) and sentence structure in elicited speech acts by normally developing, learning disabled, and developmentally delayed populations is presented. In the normally developing population (1) the development of attenuation strategies is different from structural…

Transferred epithets, adjectives that appear to have been transferred from adverb to prenominal position (e.g., "I balanced a thoughtful lump of sugar..."), have been viewed as unanalyzable both grammatically and from the viewpoint of transformational derivation. However, another explanation is that these combinations show patterns…

Past perceptions of the role of grammar in the second language syllabus have been limited by the attitude that grammatical content should be addressed directly in the language classroom and that it is limited to language items and rules with definable boundaries. However, language has properties crucial to its use for communication that are not…

The idea that "natural speech" as well as written discourse can be organized is now commonly accepted. There is also evidence that natural speech contains more coherence indicators than written texts do. This article proposes that one type of organizer, pragmatic connectives such as "therefore, then, thus, while, however, but"…