Do depressed people interpret guilt-provoking situations differently than nondepressed people? Cognitive-behavioral theories of psychopathology would predict that they do, since a major premise of such theories is that maladaptive emotional patterns are mirrored in distinct cognitive responses. Highly depressed subjects in an exploratory study of…

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 31 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: (1) teaching strategies for reading comprehension; (2) strategies for assigning meaning to unfamiliar words in context; (3) differential processing of explicit and…

The results of a study in applied educational psycholinguistics are presented. The project used a theoretical model of communicative competence to develop testing techniques for diagnosing levels of ability in functional language skills, and to develop training techniques to promote the acquisition of speaking and listening skills among elementary…

The effect, if any, of Peer Paraprofessional Counseling (PPC) training on the transactive behavior of individuals was examined by studying the PPC program at Marquette University's Counseling Center. Subjects (N=38) were 8 students selected for the PPC program, 8 selected as alternates, 10 who did not pass selection criteria but were trained as a…

Burnout in education is described in terms of system stress. Systems and their relationships are viewed at four levels: somatic, psychological, social, and cultural. "Burnout" is defined as a reduction of the function of an organism or living system. Changes in the state of a system create increased demands for adaptation. Stress is a general…

The contributions of psychology, theoretically and experimentally, to university teaching are examined from the perspective of educational epistemology. The most basic theoretical contribution that psychology has made to cognitive learning has been the delineation of a unit of thinking, the concept, which acts as an organizer of experience. The…

Presented is a review of linguistic research on children's acquisition of more/less, same/different, big/little, long/short, and similar relational and dimensional terms. The review illustrates that children's meanings for words differ from adult meanings. The nature and findings of several research projects are discussed and it is concluded that…

Different research traditions on social cognition are reviewed to determine how they can be used in the study of classroom life. A structural-developmental perspective is more applicable to the study of the social cognitive outcomes of schooling than to the explanation of student behavior in the classroom. The information processing approach…

Ability to reason clearly and efficiently is perhaps the single most important learning objective common to all subjects and to all aspects of the schooling situation. In order to design an effective reading comprehension program, teachers and program planners must assess children's logical abilities. This discussion provides a review of some of…

The purpose of the present study was to compare performance of bilingual and monolingual children on certain language-related skills. Fifteen children between the ages of three years, eight months, and seven years were matched for age and sex in each of the following four groups: middle-class monolinguals, lower-class monolinguals, Spanish-English…

The purpose of this research is to show that the logical formula for equivalence, (A=A; but is not A'), originates in the early manual actions of the young child. Having two hands that are bilaterally opposed and initially function in bilaterally symmetrical action might serve to structure the form of early sensori-motor experiences and this…

This document includes several articles and reviews related to science education. Included are the following: (1) a critical review of science classroom interaction studies; (2) a review of the meaning of, and arguments for, integrated science; (3) trends in selection of science courses in secondary schools; (4) cultural borrowing and comparative…

This introduction to the pedagogy of reading comprehension in a second language focuses on learning strategies appropriate to achieving reading competence. Lexical strategies can be fostered by tolerating local errors and encouraging practice in the identification of specific features such as tense, part of speech, and cognation. Tasks that…

This study investigated developmental differences in the use of the common features abstraction strategy and the exemplar learning strategy for concept acquisition. Subjects were 30 second graders and 30 fifth graders. The concepts to be learned were two categories of artificial animals which differed on five dimensions. Each dimension had three…

The extension of languages across cultural boundaries engenders a cosmopolitan literature which is often characterized by the effects of biculturalism. The evidence seems to indicate that bilingualism and biculturalism can exert a subtle influence upon a writer's choice of words, and can penetrate the author's style and grammar. Most of the…