There is need for early group assessment aimed at prevention of learning disorders, specifically reading disorders. An estimated 15% of elementary and secondary school students are reported to be handicapped in the area of reading. Early screening and matching of the learning ability of children with instructional programs holds promise to…

A skilled cognitive theorist might help behaviorists resolve inconsistencies found from their experimentation with imaginal mnemonics in paired-associate and serial learning tasks. Iconic cognition which relegates verbal processes to short-term storage and output systems is inadequate to explain the verbal coding and elaboration processes…

This study investigated (1) three kinds of mental operation in children: divergent production, convergent production, and cognitive thinking manifested in 3- to 4-year-olds and compared the results to results of a study of 4- to 5-year-olds, and (2) the relationship between children's abilities and their parents' level of education, children's sex…

In this study designed to generate hypotheses concerning adult learning, cognitive processes, and the reeducation of disadvantaged adults, the phenomena of concept attainment, symbol manipulation, verbal behavior, differential instruction, and awareness levels were investigated. Attention focus (cognitive style) in the concept attainment process…

Although literature on educational objectives dates back more than 50 years, the last 20 years have seen a renewal of interest in objectives. The taxonomy approach currently in use expresses objectives in terms that are evidenced by pupil behavior. This approach deals with objectives that relate to three separate domains of learning: Cognitive,…

To investigate intelligence level, academic achievement, nonacademic achievement, ideational productivity, and the uniqueness of the ideas produced, a sample of 503 incoming freshman university students was recruited. Intelligence was measured by using students' Scholastic Aptitude Test scores; verbal and visual stimuli were used to elicit ideas.…

The purpose of this study is to examine the notion of a general structure in child development as seen through consistency in level of the child's response from task to task. It is hypothesized, first, that a child will show an internal orientation if he is in the final stage of development (object relevance); and second, that he will show an…

This report summarizes theoretical, applied, and experimental studies in the areas of computational principles in complex intelligent systems, cybernetics, multivalued logic, and the mechanization of cognitive processes. This work is summarized under the following topic headings: properties of complex dynamic systems; computers and the language…

Fifth-grade and college students in two experiments listened to tape-recorded sentences and completed tests of immediate recall. The first experiment investigated the effect of a listener's expectations upon his understanding of a sentence. Sometimes the "most probable" answer was not congruent with the "correct" answer, suggesting that the…

Theory and research regarding four levels of concept attainment and three uses of concepts as specified by the model of conceptual learning and development (CLD) are described. Subtests, utilizing three-dimensional stimuli, were developed to assess each level of attainment and each use of the concept equilateral triangle. The tests were…

A study was designed to examine the contribution of intrinsic arousal (individual differences) and induced arousal to children's comprehension of film content with short- and long-term retention intervals. Intrinsic arousal was measured by a salivary response measure; induced arousal was manipulated by white auditory noise. The latter was…

A total of 186 kindergarteners were pretested on number conservation and two cognitive style measures representing Kagan's impulsivity-reflectivity dimension and Santostefano's leveling-sharpening dimension. From this sample 72 nonconservers were assigned to one of three conservation training conditions: reversibility training, discrimination…

This paper is a preliminary report of findings from a study of racial attitudes toward black/white inequalities, conducted as part of the Social Indicators project at the Survey Research Centers at the University of California at Berkeley. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of the adult population of the five county San…

The effect of presentation time on learning under varying mediation instructions demonstrated a time-dependent difference in the facilitating effect of imagery generation or sentence generation instructions. Subjects were junior high school students working in a paired associate task with concrete nouns. Both cognitive strategies were more…

Reported is a study of the generalizing of process skills developed in elementary science to objectives of Florida history. The study involved the comparison of two groups: one which had highly systematic instruction in the development of process skills in science having had the program Science - A Process Approach and one which had no direct…