Visual processing of televised information was compared among 85 Japanese and 111 American boys and girls at the kindergarten and 4th-grade levels. The literatures on cognition and learning indicate that language and child rearing factors are more conducive to the development of iconic processing skills in Japanese children than in American…

In mathematics, situations calling for reconstruction of a transformation are frequent. In such situations, children aged 6 to 7 concentrate on the states, combining them in different ways. The present research aims to illustrate that difficulties and strategies observed with children 6-7 years old are not specific to this age level, but are also…

This study investigated the rates of successful mathematical performance and errors of information processing in third-grade children in California and continued an investigation of these factors in sixth-grade children. The objectives were to: (1) identify areas of mathematics in which the children had recognizable strengths and weaknesses, (2)…

The reading objectives and measurement specifications in this paper are provided for teachers and other educators responsible for pupil instruction and for test development specialists involved with the preparation of the Texas Educational Assessment of Minimum Skills. Following lists of objectives and general specifications, the paper outlines a…

Subjective engagement and cognitive skills are important for various aspects of writing skills. For the work of writing to be efficient, the student must be able to function in both a rhetorical and productive situation, defined in terms of subject, function, and audience. The processes of writing--defined as planning, translating, and reviewing…

Two teachers of English as a second language composition discuss, in dialogue form, their intuitions about writing and some of the theories of language learning and writing advanced in recent years. Among the topics addressed are the following: self-consciousness; the importance of developing self-confidence in writing; finding a balance between…

Research on instruction in the architecture studio is discussed drawing from current work in the psychology of teaching. Consideration is given to what instruction entails and the mental activities that occur when one is instructing. Difficulties in studying instruction are also addressed, and examples of research on instruction are based on…

The concept of metacognition involves two processes: an awareness of certain skills--strategies and resources that are needed to perform a task effectively--and the ability to use self-regulatory mechanisms to ensure the successful completion of the given task. A review of the literature suggests that (1) metacognitive development differs among…

Gender, race, and socioeconomic status are important factors in the experience students have with computers before they reach college classrooms, and these experiences establish the foundation for student and faculty attitudes toward computers. English teachers' attitudes toward computers can be considered in the context of the thinking process…

An advanced public speaking class at the Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, was specifically designed not only to improve the overall quality of a speech communication program but also to increase the number of majors that an excellent program would attract. Only students who have demonstrated superior speaking skills in basic public speaking…

This document presents a review of recent research efforts on the congnitive domain as it relates to teaching and learning in the classroom, and provides a syntheses of research obtained over the past 25 years. Focus is given to correlational and experimental studies indicating a significant positive relationship between certain teacher behaviors…

A discussion of the relationship between second language proficiency and mathematics performance argues that the learning of a second language and mathematics can be effectively integrated. The conditions conducive to second language acquisition in mathematics contexts, the communicative competence needed for mathematics, and the link between…

A study was conducted to determine the benefits of an approach to teaching inferential skills that combined an explicit attempt to sensitize children to why and how one should draw inferences to prior knowledge with substantial practice in drawing such inferences during story discussions. Subjects were 20 good and 20 poor fourth grade readers who…

The development of social cognitions about classroom life and their potential influence on children's classroom behavior were studied. Each of 360 first and fifth grade children from schools in middle class and working class neighborhoods were interviewed using booklets illustrating classroom behavior. The results indicated that children do…

The first, theoretical section of this investigation of the dramatic process examines the function of imagination and spontaneity. This section notes that the imaginative process occurs in the preconscious and need not be limited by the external world or by memory and suggests that spontaneity, like imagination, is an intuitive response dependent…