Presents model that can be employed in working with Vietnam veterans experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Incorporates cognitive, behavioral, and interactional components and focuses on helping veterans to identify schemas that are related to five areas of psychological and interpersonal functioning: safety, trust, power, esteem, and…

Great care must be taken when making the jump from the finite to the infinite. The concept of infinity is explored through a series of examples from infinite sequences, presenting potential contradictions that could occur from a natural extension of finding the fraction form of a repeating decimal. (MDH)

The hearing ability and related cognitive ability of 26 adolescents and young adults with Down's Syndrome (DS) and 26 matched subjects with trainable mental retardation (MR) were compared. Results revealed greater hearing losses in DS than in other MR individuals, especially in the high-frequency range. DS subjects with poorer hearing needed more…

Examined instructional processes used by six teachers in a private school for bright underachievers that was characterized by a strategic teaching initiative and strong instructional leadership. Results were used to characterize the nature of the instructional dialogue. Results demonstrated teachers' fidelity to a particular vision of instruction.…

Discusses the aging process related to physical changes of the human neural structure involved in learning, memory, and reasoning. Presents evidence that indicates such alterations do not necessarily signal the decline in cognitive function. Vignettes provide images of brain structures involved in learning, memory, and reasoning; hippocampal…

It is argued that Australian elementary mathematics curricula have been influenced by earlier British and United States educational movements and theories and are out of touch with current research emphasizing a constructivist approach. A new model of young children's numerical development is offered, and recommendations for improving mathematical…

High school students (n=295) were administered variants of the student-professor problem to ascertain whether errors could be traced to implicit versus explicit relationships between the variables. Concludes that implicit variable relationship problems were harder than explicit variable relationship problems. A follow-up study to explore why is…

Reacts to Ohlsson, Ernst, and Rees' paper by initially discussing the costs of methodology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to model cognitive processes. Raises three concerns with the paper: insufficient clarification of the meaning of conceptual versus procedural understanding of base-10 subtraction; realism of the learning model; and…

Describes early research examining the validity of the original Inventory of Learning Processes. Presents a revised version of the inventory with reliability and validity data. Discusses reflective and agentic processing as the two major routes to academic achievement. Concludes that the smooth flow of cognition depends on the student's…

This response to Englert's article (EC 602 935) on sociocultural factors in teaching writing to students with learning disabilities addresses the application of social constructivist theory. It notes that the success of the Cognitive Strategy Instruction in Writing program may be not only attributable to its holistic social emphasis but also to…

Two sets of real sorting data from 50 college students are used to compare results of multidimensional scaling of raw co-occurrence frequencies or dissimilarity measures (D) and profile distances (delta) to determine which yields a better representation of the underlying structure of 2 sets of stimuli. Slight differences are discussed. (SLD)

The ability to diagnose motor skills is important for physical educators. The paper discusses processes critical in motor skill diagnosis, proposing an operational model of motor skill development diagnosis for teacher educators and practitioners. The model provides a foundation upon which to build instructional strategies for developing…

Presents two cognitive models that illustrate the commonalities between reading for meaning and solving mathematical problems with meaning. Discusses the importance of number sense in the prior knowledge component of the solving with meaning model and the implications of the models in teaching mathematics. (MDH)

Conceptions of 50 third graders (aged 8-9 years) in Italy about shopkeepers' profit were examined using the Piagetian clinical procedure, with an interview followed by a comparison task that checked comprehension. Teaching children about profit had a higher impact at posttest on children who could compare correctly. (SLD)

Review of the research literature focuses on research comparing computer-assisted instruction with conventional instruction; basic research issues for instructional technology; implications of the information processing model; implications of cognitive strategies and knowledge organization for instructional technology; computers as tools for…