The elements of statistical formulae that cause people to perceive them as difficult were studied, working from theoretical bases that involve cognitive load, motivational perception, and impasse driven learning. In a pilot study conducted to identify difficulties that novices perceive while learning statistical formulae, 22 students in an…

The literature on how educators use information to solve problems and perform their routine duties is located within a much larger, well-established literature that spans topics in organizational decision-making, communication theory, cognitive science, information theory, and evaluation utilization. This bibliography presents summaries of…

This study of the nature and characteristics of thinking examined how university students without full-time work experience and university graduates with work experience think when posed with an indeterminate situation. The focus was on such characteristics as expression tendencies, approaches to responding, thinking movements, and learning…

This guide for a workshop offered in Queensland, Australia on resource-based teaching and learning strategies for flexible delivery of curriculum lists workshop objectives and program topics and provides background on the presenters. The following program topics are then discussed in more detail: (1) definitions, requirements, and advantages of…

This paper, in both English and Spanish, offers a meta-model of the learning process which focuses on the importance of the reflective learning process in enhancing the quality of learning in higher education. This form of innovative learning is offered as a means of helping learners to realize the relevance of what they are learning to their life…

To better understand the nature of students' approaches to literary understanding, a study compared the meaning-making approaches of traditionally judged above and below average readers. In all, 144 protocols were analyzed from 24 students (12 seventh graders and 12 eleventh graders, half in each class judged as above and half as below average…

Achievement in science depends among other factors on hypothetico-deductive reasoning ability; that is, on the developmental level of the students. Recent research indicates that developmental level of the students should be studied along with individual difference variables such as Pascual-Leone's M-capacity (information processing) and Witkin's…

This conference paper describes methodological tools being used to examine teachers' cognitive lives and to describe the meaning that teachers make of teaching, learning, and students in classrooms. Methodological difficulties with the "subsequent recall" approach and the "stimulation of current thought" approach are discussed. A set of techniques…

The world is in the middle of a major paradigm shift, as the paradigm of dominion over nature is coming to an end with the acceptance of the arts and other subjectively oriented technologies as useful in our effort to live in the universe. Little by little, awareness of this fundamental change in world view is emerging. The importance of art in…

This volume provides an informed and accessible overview of the whole area of children's thinking. The book reviews children's thinking in detail by discussing the ways children remember and organize information in general; the acquisition of skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic; and the development of more complex reasoning as children…

The purpose of this study was to examine Edward Lorenz's psychological processes and other environmental aspects in the discovery of chaos at that time. The general concept of chaos is discussed based on relations with previous scientific theories such as Newtonian physics and quantum mechanics. The constraints of discovery in terms of available…

A cognitive demands analysis of a learning technology, a term that includes the hardware and the computer software products that form learning environments, attempts to describe the types of cognitive learning expected of the individual by the technology. This paper explores the context of cognitive learning, suggesting five families of cognitive…

This paper attempts to make the case for incorporating writing into the science curriculum. Suggestions are offered on how to organize writing activities in the classroom, assess a student's writing skills, use writing experience charts in science, outline content in science, write results from science experiments, write book reports, perform…

This paper explores the relationship between the concept of cognitive apprenticeship and situated cognition and the social construction of knowledge. Cognitive apprenticeship is the enculturation of students into authentic practices through authentic activity and social interaction in a way similar to that which is evident--and evidently…

The theme of the material contained in this annotated resource list is the relationship between teaching and learning mathematics in the specific content area of graphing functions. The list contains 30 articles, papers, and unpublished manuscripts written from 1979 through 1989. The articles treat various aspects of concept formation,…