This study compared incentives and educational methods to motivate children to pick up litter and to prevent littering. Incentives did aid in getting litter picked up. One-sentence anti-litter statements, educational materials, and lectures reduced littering, but incentives did not. (MR)

Research is now being done on the behavior of spiders and their role in ecological systems. (BB)

Five separate studies involving over 12,000 managers were conducted to explore the relationship between personal applications of behavioral science principles and managerial achievement. (Author)

A behavioral setting termed "free time" was identified in the day room of an institution for the retarded. The behavioral mapping technique was used to record behavior and spatial use within this setting. During treatment patients engaged in active and socially involved behavior. (Author)

In this study, 111 college men and women were classified into masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated sex role categories. Subjects were tested for emotional expressivity, assertiveness, and personal integration. Androgynous subjects exhibited the greatest adaptability. (Author/WI)

In a national survey of attitudes of 884 male managers about perceived sex differences, females were rated lower in (1) aptitudes, skills, and knowledge; (2) motivation and job interest; (3) temperament; and (4) work habits and attitudes. Lower ratings of women were prevalent among males in a variety of jobs, organizations, and industries.…

In this study, the role of adult response patterns in shaping and maintaining independent behavior in preschoolers is examined. Results indicate that independent and dependent behaviors are both strongly under the control of environmental contingencies of both boys and girls. (Author/WI)

Summarizes the author's efforts in resolving short-term teaching demands with long-term publishing demands through self-control. Outlines a special method of teaching a self-control seminar which helps both teacher and student. Positive actions of daily record keeping and meeting with the seminar greatly increased the rate of professional writing.…

Focusing on four diverse areas, this paper highlights the contribution of several major schools of thought in the field of psychology to the understanding of the process involved in reading comprehension. (Author/DS)

A study comparing women's and men's ratings of their own and ideal speech showed that a greater number of speech characteristics of males differed from the speech characteristics of the ideal speaker. Women are advised to consider the desirable characteristics associated with female speech before altering their speech by such means as…

Topics include an attempt to study a vulnerable sample of the population, methods of assessing the perceptions of children to density conditions, developmental differences in personal space preferences, and findings that substantiate differences in density effects as a function of age. (BB)

Investigates communication openess by examining the responses of one hundred supervisor-subordinate pairs in a hierarchical setting, and concludes that both supervisors and subordinates favor responses which reflect communication openess. (MH)

Tests the assumption that the aspects of a group's behavior that lead to judgments of quality probably are equally important and assesses the theoretical import of a discovery indicating differences in the relative impact of different variables on perceptions of the quality of decision making discussions. (MH)

Presents the foundation of a communicator style construct which is stipulated to include communication variables which reflect the "way one verbally and paraverbally interacts to signal how literal meaning should be taken, interpreted, filtered, or understood." (MH)

Reports two experiments designed to further understanding of the effects of systematic desensitization (SD) training on college students and presents experimental test results indicating that students in SD do not differ significantly from those who choose not to join SD. (MH)