The understanding of children and adults regarding four component properties of the arithmetic mean was studied. The component properties were: (1) the mean is a data point between extreme values of a score distribution; (2) the sum of deviations about the mean equals zero; (3) when the mean is calculated, any value of zero must be taken into…

This study examined students' active roles in constructing knowledge when learning new information in the domain of biological evolution. A computer-based connectionist methodology was developed to provide a way to present students with new information while the experimenter provides probe statements congruent with or contradictory to the…

Skills in science (observing, inferring, measuring, communicating, classifying, predicting, controlling variables, interpreting data, and developing models) are not just essential for careers in science, but they are important for almost any career, as well as in daily life. This digest presents information on how parents can help develop their…

The Oregon vision for transforming science education is called concept/process-based science. It is not a program but a conceptual framework which presents goals for the direction of science program development. It focuses science programs on helping students develop basic scientific understandings through the use of the key processes of human…

This manual is part of a series of materials designed to reinforce essential concepts in physical science through interactive, language-sensitive, problem-solving exercises emphasizing cooperative learning. The manual is intended for limited-English-proficient (LEP) students in beginning physical science classes. The materials are for teams of two…

A project to develop special training materials to introduce college teachers to the math-language approach is reported. The materials link language learning techniques to mathematics concept formation and are intended for teachers of limited-English-proficient (LEP) students. Specialists in both fields produced a three-part training package…

A student-centered, cross-disciplinary approach was developed to teach English language skills to first-year architecture students at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. The course addressed the problem of native architecture students' lack of training in oral skills and lack of experience in expressing familiar architectural concepts…

Sentences are understood by outlining associative relations between the concepts representing the meanings of the words. When the words are received the activation spreads from their conceptual counterparts to the other concepts in memory, so that some implicit thoughts are often added to the mental representation of a sentence. As sentences are…

The guide is designed as an activity supplement for social studies teachers interested in helping students in grades 6-12 improve their ability to critically read social studies materials with a global focus. In addition, teachers are provided with basic tools to use in assessing the readability of social studies materials. The activities are…

A concise framework of basic concepts and generalizations for teaching economics for K-12 students is presented. The guide summarizes the basic structure and substance of economics and lists and describes economic concepts. Standard guidelines are provided to help school systems integrate economics into their on-going courses of study. Designed to…

The field testing project evaluated a guide to help 4th, 5th, and 6th grade teachers introduce students to musical concepts through a series of ten 30-minute television programs (see ED 143 596). The formative evaluation focused on the appropriateness of program materials for the intermediate grades, the ability of the curriculum to affect learner…

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE RESEARCH STUDIES ARE CATEGORIZED AND DESCRIBED IN THIS BOOKLET DESIGNED FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERS AND CURRICULUM WORKERS. ALTHOUGH MAJOR EMPHASIS OF THE REVIEW IS ON STUDIES PUBLISHED DURING THE 1960'S, OLDER STUDIES OF MAJOR SIGNIFICANCE ARE INCLUDED. A MAJORITY OF THE REVIEWS IS BASED ON REPORTS THAT APPEARED AS JOURNAL…

The guide presents elementary social studies units investigating man as a social and cultural being in studies of widening social units, beginning with the family and ending with the world. Objectives are to encourage the child to organize his inquiry using social studies skills, to provide him with a means of understanding the world around him,…

This broad outline for a teacher education program aimed at creating teachers capable of dealing with children of all races and backgrounds stresses the need for systematized instruction of teacher trainees. After a brief discussion of the importance of differentiated staffing and common schools, the report specifies: the need for and uses of…

A LEARNING MODEL TO IDENTIFY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DIFFICULTY OF A PROBLEM ITEM WAS SUPPORTED EMPIRICALLY, AND INDICATED THAT THE NUMBER OF STEPS REQUIRED TO SOLVE A PROBLEM WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN PREDICTING BOTH ERROR PROBABILITY AND RESPONSE LATENCY. THE MODEL, IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTIONS OF DIFFICULTY IN…