Two conflicting developmental accounts of how mental states are used in evaluating actors were tested by varying actors' intentionality, foreknowledge of outcome, and the values of motive and outcome. Findings suggested that children use intentionality before knowledge in judgments of action sequences and that actor's foreknowledge of an outcome…

Presents a study which investigated the perception of music majors and nonmusic majors concerning their ability to discriminate the way in which altered musical excerpts differed in pitch or tempo (or both) from preceding presentations. Concludes that both groups responded similarly across conditions and replications, and that tempo changes were…

Presents results of empirical studies that contradict the popular conception of domestic violence as essentially a masculine form of assaultive behavior. Suggests that the popular view has contributed to men's increasing legal and social defenselessness. Discusses the appropriateness of psychotherapeutic approaches to the problem. (Author/KS)

Proposes the multiple constituency approach as a meaningful framework for analyzing the activities of the personnel department. Empirically tested hypothesis on the differences in constituency preferences in l50 organizational units of three large organizations. Found some constituencies desired significantly different activities from the…

Attempted to validate previously identified classification of divorce attorneys as Counselors or Advocates and to assess practitioner attitudes towards divorce reform. Found that concordance rate for classification was not statistically different from chance. Concerning attitudes, most respondents expressed dissatisfaction with current legal…

Reports a study of a connectedness' versus separateness' orientation in adolescents' reasoning about friendship, loyalty, and understanding of political and social order. Conflict resolution for students having a connectedness orientation focused on negotiation; in separateness orientation, the focus was on codes of conduct. Adolescent males…

Examined how gender differences in perceptions of sexuality are exhibited in actual interactions between women and men in two surveys of undergraduate men and women (N=985). Results indicated a large percentage of women and men had experienced misperceptions, although more women had than men. Describes gender differences in the characteristics of…

A telephone test battery to assess verbal, spatial, and memory ability and perceptual speed in adolescents was developed. Test materials were mailed to 212 adolescents (members of 54 adoptive and 52 nonadoptive sibling pairs). Results show that telephone testing can be satisfactorily used to assess specific cognitive abilities with less anxiety…

Tested Kohn's theory that people who work in highly supervised, routinized occupations are likely to value obedience and conformity in marital and parental relationships. Findings from 244 couples revealed that working conditions were not strong predictors of division of household labor. Concludes that nontraditional gender role values,…

Surveyed college students' and both their parents' (282 families), actual attitudes and their perceptions of the other generation's attitudes. Although results confirm that youths perceived less intergenerational continuity in attitudes than their parents, they call into question the connection between psychosocial development status of either…

Results suggest that communication competence and empathy reflect or are composed of the same set of skills or behaviors. (PD)

This study explored social correlates of teacher reports of classroom behavior. Reported behavior correlated most strongly with perceived student needs. Results are discussed. (Author/JD)

A new theory linking information extraction patterns to the visual perception of direction and extent is presented. Seven demonstration experiments employ predictions from efferent considerations to create a new set of illusions of direction and extent and to demonstrate new predictable variations in the magnitude of some classical illusion…

Color value of clothing and facial expression were varied in photographs of six female job applicants. Male and female business persons (N=208) judged the photographs. Facial expression significantly affected evaluations of Character-Sociability characteristics. Clothing color value influenced perceptions of Potency, only for male interviewers.…

Results of a grade 12 marketplace survey indicated a high correlation between students' and parents' perceptions that the college experience is a value-added experience in preparation for employment and a significant variance between counselors' opinions as to why students select colleges as compared to students' and parents' opinions. (Author/BL)