Three experiments examined whether the perception and retention of feature relations, thought to be critical for object recognition in adults, are evident in early infancy. Three month olds' 24-hour retention was disrupted when features of a 6-item mobile were recombined, indicating that they not only encode feature relations but also remember…

Four experiments investigated conceptual categorization in 7- to 11-month-old infants. Data revealed global differentiation of animals and vehicles, with lack of differentiation of basic level categories within the animal domain, in contrast to data from other studies designed to assess perceptual categorization. Results suggest that infants may…

Art therapy practice analysis surveys were completed by 1,125 Registered Art Therapists. Most respondents were females, Caucasian, and graduates of master's degree programs in art therapy. Respondents rated "creating therapeutic environment" as most important major responsibility of entry-level as therapists. (NB)

This paper presents results of 2 experiments examining effects of signal and masker uncertainty on 17 preschoolers' and 13 adults' detection of tonal signals in noise maskers. Effects of masker uncertainty significantly exceeded those of signal uncertainty. For most adults and some children, distracters produced higher thresholds and shallower…

Explores the relationship between virtual reality (VR) stimulation and perceptual equivalence. Topics include perceived realism; creating a virtual illusion; displayed realism; and VR as an instructional technology. (Author/AEF)

School counselors should reform their roles. Developmental guidance and counseling programs focus on academic, career, and personal areas and incorporate the following goals: understanding the school environment, understanding self and others, decision making and problem solving, interpersonal communication and school success skills, career…

Tested 160 children on a Stroop-like day-night test that involved 2 rules. Also tested for whether remembering two rules alone was sufficient to cause difficulty. Concludes that the requirement to learn and remember two rules is not in itself sufficient to account for the poor performance of younger children (under five) in the experiment. (DR)

Assistant principals should be expected, encouraged, and empowered to work beyond their disciplines, outside their cultures, and above their traditional roles. The assistant principal's role in team management is to become an advocate for excellence, a visionary leader, a change agent, a communicator, a motivator, and a determinant of school…

A unified theory of visual recognition and attentional selection is developed by integrating the biased-choice model for single-stimulus recognition with a choice model for selection from multielement displays in a race model framework. The theory is applied to findings from previous studies and quantitative fits are encouraging. (SLD)

Three experiments explored the effect of introducing novel information about a central target after a short delay on six-month-old's recognition of the original target, the novel exposure target, and a completely novel one. They found that the infants' memory of a central target is resistant to impairment by conflicting postevent information after…

One experiment determined that the minimum angle at which infants can discriminate 2 sound presentations decreases substantially toward 48 weeks of age. In 3 succeeding experiments, infants aged 16, 20, and 28 weeks were able to discriminate sounds presented to each ear between 50 and 75 microseconds apart. (BC)

In 2 experiments, mothers, between 5 and 81 hours after giving birth, stroked the hand of 3 infants and then guessed which infant was their own. Results showed that the majority of mothers who had been with their infant for an hour or more since childbirth were successful at the task. (BC)

Discusses a inquiry into the effects of timbre upon college woodwind players' intonational performance and perception. Reports little connection between students' ability to play in tune and to detect intonation problems. Concludes that timbre was significantly related to ability to detect intonation problems but not to the ability to play in…

Retired superintendents have the potential to be the best and the worst board members. Although some board members value a former superintendent's background and perspective, many think that retiring superintendents should go right out the door and not look back. Former teachers and superintendents serving on boards often have difficulty shifting…

Examined how elementary school counselors see their actual versus ideal roles and identified preparation they perceive as necessary to meet their roles successfully. Findings from 95 elementary school counselors revealed that, in actual versus ideal consultant roles, as well as in counselor preparation comparisons, significant discrepancies were…