This study describes a novel measure of children's Theory of Mind (ToM) development--called the Comprehensive Assessment of ToM (CAT)--that addresses limitations in existing ToM measures. This behavioral measure includes three-six items each about diverse desires, diverse beliefs, knowledge access, knowledge expertise, false belief, and visual…

This book takes the reader through a journey from understanding autism, how it manifests and how it is diagnosed. The author looks at how circumstances in schools including isolation, misunderstanding meltdowns, lack of autism awareness and training have criminalised autism, leading to suspensions, exclusions, and the use of restraint and…

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to develop and validate a five-tier diagnostic instrument for respiration and photosynthesis; (2) to uncover senior high school students' genuine misconceptions in Mainland China and explore the characteristics of their sources and formation mechanisms. To achieve these aims, a five-tier diagnostic…

The Fordham Institute recently published a report analyzing several perceived threats to educational opportunities for students who score well on standardized tests and class grades. The report contends that these threats come from those who are overly concerned about "equity" and who seek to undermine programs designed for these…

The stereotype of math being male-typed prevails among most Western societies. This math-gender stereotype is associated with math-gender misconceptions, which are scientifically incorrect specific theories about girls' math abilities (e.g., girls inherently think less systematically and thus have less math ability than boys). Teachers may…

Teachers' knowledge of the subject matter is considered an important component of their expertise in teaching mathematics. Yet how teachers' understanding of one content area is related to other content areas has not been investigated in depth. We explored this question by investigating teachers' knowledge of two theoretically related areas: (1)…

This paper compares website usability--specifically library users' understanding of library terms--for fifty-one original research studies between 2012-2021, with the findings of John Kupersmith's 2011 white paper "Library Terms That Users Understand." Studies reported approximately twice as many terms that users didn't understand than…

Despite representations' central role in conveying chemical phenomena, mastering them is not trivial, given the wide variety of different conventions to interpret and use them. Furthermore, instructional approaches and materials may overlook explicit discussion on how students should reason with representations. To gather evidence that could guide…

This paper argues for three aspects of tolerance with respect to QCA research: tolerance with respect to different approaches to QCA; producing QCA research with tolerance (work that is resistant to criticism); and for QCA researchers to be clear about the tolerance of the solutions they present -- especially in terms of calibration and truth…

Although the social realist position is grounded in the fundamentally important observation that schools must engage students with knowledge that deepens and extends their understanding, rather than simply reproduce what they learn in everyday life, this approach commits a fatal flaw by equating such 'powerful knowledge' with the work of academic…

Contemporary secondary science education is characterised by a greater inclination towards the constructivist paradigm of education and the development of inquiry-oriented teaching. The basic principle of this paradigm is the dynamic modification of preconceptions towards the desired level given by the school curriculum. This places particular…

In basic education in Brazil, there is often confusion concerning the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global warming. The present work evaluates the status of research on this issue. A systematic literature review (SLR) was undertaken, considering studies published between 2013 and 2024, obtained using the databases CAPES Journal…

Previous investigations into first year calculus students' understandings of tangent lines have revealed common misconceptions arising either from students' prior experiences with the topic or from the treatment of the subject in the calculus classroom. This study seeks to examine in-service secondary mathematics teachers' conceptions of tangent…

Bullying continues to be a concern in the field of education among school aged students, including individuals with disabilities. The areas of exploration in this basic qualitative study were the characterizations used by students, the ways in which they perceive and experience bullying, and ways in which they react to social situations. Social…

The importance of genetic diversity, especially within small populations of endangered species, is becoming increasingly apparent. Genetic engineering techniques that could potentially enhance diversity are now being developed. However, the use of such techniques would require social licence and yet within the general population there is limited…