This introduction to bilingualism is designed with the undergraduates especially in mind. Since its primary concern is with the bilingual individual, it does assume some knowledge of the basic principles of linguistics. Less detail is accorded to societal bilingualism since the premise is that sociological aspects of bilingualism should be…

This study tests the hypothesis that, among bilingual Mexican Americans, the present progressive tense in Spanish is used in the same situations as the progressive would be used in English, even if such usage would not be prescribed by standard Spanish grammar rules. A review is made of Spanish language instructional textbooks concerning the usage…

In order to investigate the effects of dialect interference on learning to read and the ways teachers accommodate reading instruction for first grade black children, observations and tape recordings were made of reading instruction in fourteen predominantly black classrooms, showing episodes of potential dialect conflict and six teaching styles:…

This paper describes a preliminary study which focuses on the syllable structure of interlanguage and begins to identify some of the processes which shape that interlanguage. Adults learning English as a second language in a formal classroom situation were recorded as they described a series of pictures in English. Two subjects were native…

This guide is designed to sensitize both the novice and experienced teacher to the problems Vietnamese students are likely to have in learning the grammatical structures of English. The guidelines and suggestions presented here relate principally to the structures of English which differ markedly from parallel structures of Vietnamese, and which…

This book contains papers and commentaries thereon from the International Seminar on the Description and Measurement of Bilingualism, which was attended by linguists, psychologists and sociologists representative of a wide range of scientific and intellectual insights. Topics covered are: (1) How and when do persons become bilingual? (2) How can…

Beginning with a preconceived bias that "real" (i.e. nonartifactual) age differences in transfer and retroaction do exist, the author feels that the available literature permits no clear conclusions relating the process of aging and transfer mechanisms, or aging and retroaction. Research to date is viewed as assuming that "interference" manifests…

Kashubian, which is considered a dialect of Polish by some linguists and a separate Slavic language by others, is spoken in a small area along the Baltic coast of northern Poland. The present study, an attempt to help fill the gap in the investigation of Slavic languages in the United States, deals primarily with the speech of a Minnesota-born…

"An English Pronunciation Course for Puerto Rican Seventh-Graders" grew out of a similar remedial pronunciation course for freshmen at the University of Puerto Rico. One of the linguistic principles involved in teaching young adults a foreign language concerns the fact that "linguistic acquisition is stabilized by puberty," and language learning…

This paper describes some of the pronunciation features of Thai speakers of English in New Zealand, based on the observation of Thai students during their language laboratory sessions in a pre-university English course. Regular pronunciation features and consistent patterns of sound replacement were observed, which seemed to be characteristic of,…

The primary concern of this paper is to point out to the teacher differences between the sound features and the grammatical categories of English and Papago. In addition, some syntactic patterns are also compared, generally from the point of view of the meanings they convey; the lexical structures of the two languages have not been included. The…

This manual is designed to provide instruction for persons who have learned well a dialect of Eastern Arabic, Levantine, and who desire to use a Western Arabic dialect, Moroccan. Special features of Western Arabic pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and social usage are listed. Attention is given to the recognition of correspondences between the…

Experimental work on the concept of linguistic difficulty is summarized. Inherent linguistic difficulty is distinguished from contrastive linguistic difficulty. Studies of phonological acquisition are cited which tend to support the notion of an ordered acquisition of language features, and it is recommended that we look to cross-linguistic…