In 1970, the Special Representative's Advisory Committee of the Council of Europe requested from the member countries that workers and their families wishing to emigrate to another European country should learn the language of the country to which they are going. Therefore, Turkey organised practical German courses for the emigrant workers,…

It is not sufficient for students in foreign language classes to simply internalize the sound system and grammatical structure of the target language or to memorize the vocabulary. Speaking is not merely a linguistic event, but rather involves an extensive system of norms for the social interaction. The relationship between speaking and social…

In the spirit of the new, sober eclecticism in foreign language teaching methodology, the effectiveness/efficiency dimensions become the criteria for decision-making in educational planning. The points are raised that: (1) there are no universally applicable methods; (2) teachers should not accept educational dogma without empirical evidence; (3)…

This is a preliminary report on a series of small-scale language teaching experiments, aimed primarily at demonstrating that valid research into language teaching methods is possible. Small-scale refers not to the number of subjects involved, but to the scope of the experiment. Instead of looking at a method as a whole (as happens in large-scale…

This report contains the papers presented at the conference, which was held to discuss the "Guidelines for the Preparation and Certification of Teachers of Bilingual-Bicultural Education," developed at a conference sponsored by the Center for Applied Linguistics in August 1974; the discussants' responses to each paper; and the reports of the three…

This curriculum guide details a 10-week German language course on Austria for advanced high school students. It is intended to help students develop skills of listening comprehension, reading, speaking, and writing German; to add to their knowledge of German grammar and vocabulary; to acquaint them with Austrian history and culture, and to have…

Papers presented at the symposium of error analysis in Lund, Sweden, in September 1972, approach error analysis specifically in its relation to foreign language teaching and second language learning. Error analysis is defined as having three major aspects: (1) the description of the errors, (2) the explanation of errors by means of contrastive…

Motivating students to study foreign languages is a unique problem within American culture. Experience suggests that Americans are psychologically inhibited from identifying with other people because of sensitiveness to their immigrant past. Some foreign language educators have concluded that, because of this past, teaching of foreign languages…

This thesis presents the results of a field study of code-switching in K-3 level classrooms of an experimental Spanish-English bilingual education project in Los Angeles. The goal of the project, based on a pluralistic model of bilingual education, was the maintenance of Spanish by means of continued language-development in both the students'…

This report presents an evaluation of the Louisiana state-wide program of French instruction at the primary level for the academic year 1972-73. The aims of the program were to show that second language learning is feasible and beneficial, can fit within the educational priorities of the Louisiana school system, and is valuable for both anglophone…

This article reviews the history of bilingual-bicultural education in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The U.S. government has administered the area since 1945. The original educational policy called for bilingual education with use of the local languages at the elementary level, but implementation was hampered by budget limitations.…

The linguistic situation in the Arabic-speaking world is briefly described, and variation and the factors that cause it are discussed. By reviewing the history of the literary language, it is shown that there exist no native speakers of the literary language, Modern Standard Arabic. The relaity is, rather, a classic case of diglossia. This reality…

Prior to the development of modern sociolinguistics the immediate contribution of linguistics to society as a whole was negligible. Without the further development of sociolinguistics, the situation will not change radically. In order to arrive at a more useful system of linguistics, linguists must realize that this situation does not result…

The purpose of this paper is to classify the types of errors Arabs make with definiteness in English and to count the rate of occurrence of each. To accomplish this, 16 three-hour American history final examinations written by Arabic speakers at the University of Texas at Austin were examined. This discussion is limited to the four categories (out…

Hong Kong Summer School, a Title III ESEA program in Oakland, California, proposed: (1) to remediate certain English Language errors of written expression in Chinese-speaking children in grades four through seven; (2) to facilitate instruction required to bring about student improvement by inservice meetings and planning; and (3) to actively…