Now more than ever before, language learners can autonomously engage with the target culture beyond the classroom through international television shows, online forums, video clips, and study abroad. Still, much of the literature has deemed the target-language dominant speaker (TLDS) as a key source of cultural knowledge, and, thus, the principal…

This study attempts to empirically examine the predictive power of learner anxiety and motivation and their causality in explaining proficiency in English as a foreign language (EFL) and other interrelated affective variables, including attitudes, self-confidence, and grit via a treatment-based causal model. To achieve this, the study carried out…

This study investigates whether linguistic outcomes of second language (L2) learners' performance are consistent across oral and written modalities and, if so, whether the consistency remains across proficiency levels. The study also explores whether the linguistic outcomes of speaking, writing, or both are related to working memory capacity.…

This study conducts a systematic review of artificial intelligence in English as a Foreign Language teaching and learning in China from 2015 to 2024 based on 56 articles selected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, ERIC, and CNKI databases, highlighting emerging trends, unresolved gaps, and possible avenues for future research. The findings reveal that AI…

Co-teaching is a common feature of language education in schools. It usually involves two adults holding different sets of expertise and working jointly with the same group of learners. Despite the prevalence of co-teaching in language educational settings, little is known as to how co-teaching is organised and negotiated in classroom talk.…

This paper expands on discursive approaches to language policy by incorporating the notion of the lived experience of language (Busch, 2015). More specifically, I analyse young people's lived experience of language education policy by focusing on students in Luxembourg who are educated in a language that is not their main or home language. Indeed,…

Spelling remains a fundamental skill to acquire because it is foundational for successful literacy attainment, even with the advancement of technological writing tools. Nevertheless, it is an understudied skill in research, especially among language learners. This literature review aims to shed light on the English spelling skills of Arabic L1…

The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop and determine the efficiency of the digital learning according to blended learning on Chinese languages for beginner level in primary school, 2) compare the students' learning achievement test after using the digital learning according to blended learning on Chinese languages for beginner level in…

The decreasing age at which Taiwanese children begin learning English suggests that Taiwanese society endorses the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) and believes that children should learn English as early as possible to ensure their academic or professional success. Consequently, many parents enroll their children in private English language…

Global Englishes language teaching (GELT) promotes, among other things, positive attitudes and maximized understanding to communicate with speakers with a variety of accents. However, research on GELT-informed listening training is rare, and none has addressed both attitudes and understanding of diverse accents. We therefore implemented an…

Measuring study-abroad (SA) students' intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has been a challenging task. Simply comparing pre- and post-SA language proficiency test results may not capture the full extent of ICC development. This study explores the behavioral dimension of ICC among SA students by examining changes in Japanese speech style…

Purpose: Most studies about reading development in second-language learners have been carried out on children exposed to the second language from kindergarten. They have shown that decoding skills develop in a similar way to those of monolingual children. We wondered whether this holds for primary school newcomer non-native-speaking children. This…

The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction presents new opportunities for fostering students' self-regulated learning (SRL) and task engagement (TE). While prior research has shown that AI-assisted environments can enhance metacognitive monitoring and learning motivation,…

Effective second language (L2) writing hinges on both learners' beliefs in their writing capabilities (self-efficacy) and their engagement in writing tasks. However, to date, no study has explored the association between these two important factors within an L2 writing context. Therefore, this study aims to examine how L2 writing self-efficacy…

With the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, understanding how human teachers can effectively support learners has become increasingly important. This study investigates Chinese university students' perceived importance of different forms of teacher support in AI-assisted EFL…