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Greenberg, Joseph H. – 1972
This study is based on a sample of about 100 languages with numeral classifiers. An attempt is made at reconstructing the dynamics of the process by which such systems arise, develop, and decay. Among the hypotheses advanced are the following: (1) numeral classifiers involve the overt expression of one kind of quantification, namely, counting by…
Descriptors: Classical Languages, Comparative Analysis, Contrastive Linguistics, Descriptive Linguistics
Bell, Alan – Anthropological Linguistics, 1970
The reflexes of the proto-Bantu noun class prefixes of the form "mu-,""mi-," and "ma-" are compared in 84 Bantu languages. The hypotheses that syllabic nasals arise preferably from sequences of m + rounded high vowel, rather than m + unrounded high vowel, are tested against the data. The approach is an example of intragenetic comparison discussed…
Descriptors: African Languages, Bantu Languages, Contrastive Linguistics, Descriptive Linguistics
Nilsen, Don L. F.; Nilsen, Alleen Pace – 1975
This book attempts to bring linguists and language teachers up to date on the latest developments in semantics. A survey of the role of semantics in linguistics and other academic areas is followed by a historical perspective of semantics in American linguistics. Various semantic models are discussed. Anomaly, ambiguity, and discourse are…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Deep Structure, Generative Grammar, Grammar
Topping, D. M. – 1969
This paper attempts to discuss some of the implications of transformational grammar for language analysis and language learning. The author covers the following points: (1) transformational grammar--some background and some claims, and some linguistic and psychological implications; (2) which, if any, of the claims of transformational grammar are…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, English (Second Language), Language Instruction, Language Universals
Gleitman, Lila R.; Gleitman, Henry – 1970
Within the realm of psycholinguistics there is a need to investigate linguistic performance based on the generative transformational concept of linguistic competence, i.e., based on the speaker-listener's knowledge of his language. Psycholinguistics must determine how underlying knowledge is related to overt performance. The nominalization and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Patterns
Longacre, Robert E. – 1972
This study of hierarchy and universality in the languages of New Guinea seeks to describe and place the run-on surface structures found in those languages. In the process, traditional stereotypes of "sentence" and "paragraph" are questioned and revised, while hierarchy -- a fundamental characteristic of language -- is shown to…
Descriptors: Austro Asiatic Languages, Calculus, Classification, Deep Structure

Bennett, Susan – Second Language Research, 1994
In a study of first-language transfer and second-language (L2) acquisition of reflexive binding, the interpretation of English reflexives by native speakers of Serbo-Croatian was investigated using two types of written sentence comprehension tasks. Results support the transfer hypothesis and suggest learners have access to Universal Grammar in L2…
Descriptors: Adolescents, English, Foreign Countries, Grammar

Braidi, Susan M. – Language Learning, 1995
Reviews research findings on second-language (L2) interaction from the perspective of syntactic development. The article argues that better understanding of the role of negotiated interaction in L2 syntactic development requires examining the specific grammatical structures in interaction guided by the criteria of relevance, availability,…
Descriptors: College Students, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Grammar
Norrick, Neal R. – 1987
A discussion of semantic interpretation argues that contradictions such as "Sue's both right and wrong" are assigned consistent propositional interpretations such as "Sue's partly right and partly wrong" by universal semantic principles, which obviates analysis via conversational maxims and implicatures. First, it is shown from investigation of…
Descriptors: Cantonese, Conflict Resolution, Discourse Analysis, French
Hayes, Curtis W.; And Others – 1977
This book is intended to serve as a broad orientation to the discipline of language study rather than as an introduction to be employed in technical linguistics classes. The 13 chapters touch upon aspects of theoretical as well as applied linguistics, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and language instruction. Each chapter is followed…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Bilingual Education, Grammar, Instruction
Russell, William J., Ed. – 1978
Four conference papers on discourse are included. In "How Context Contributes to the Interpretation of Temporal Expressions," Carlota S. Smith provides a summary analysis of the temporal interpretation of English sentences. Many sentences are shown to be semantically incomplete; it is argued that information from neighboring sentences is…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Case (Grammar), Child Language, Cognitive Processes
Mackey, William Francis – 1971
Standard measures and techniques are needed to establish resemblances and differences among languages. A determination of the degree to which one lanquage or dialect differs from another requires the examination of language universals. To study what languages have in common, attention has to be given to the physical, psychological, and social…
Descriptors: Anthropology, Contrastive Linguistics, Descriptive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics
Larsen-Freeman, Diane E. – 1976
Studies were conducted to help determine criteria for describing the stages through which second language learners pass as they acquire a new language. The ability of 24 beginning adult students of English as a second language to supply ten morphemes in obligatory contexts was predicted on the basis of contrastive analysis between English and each…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Bilingualism, Contrastive Linguistics, English (Second Language)
Stanley, Julia Penelope – 1978
Drawing on recent research on sexism in English and the ways in which social forces affect language structure, this paper shows how prescriptive statements about English have been incorporated into linguistic grammars as descriptions of language. It is claimed that Chomsky's "universal grammar" is masculinist and that it is contradicted…
Descriptors: Cultural Influences, Descriptive Linguistics, English, Grammar
KELLEY, K.L. – 1967
THIS PAPER IS A STUDY OF A CHILD'S EARLIEST PRETRANSFORMATIONAL LANGUAGE ACQUISITION PROCESSES. A MODEL IS CONSTRUCTED BASED ON THE ASSUMPTIONS (1) THAT SYNTACTIC ACQUISITION OCCURS THROUGH THE TESTING OF HYPOTHESES REFLECTING THE INITIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACQUISITION MECHANISM AND THE LANGUAGE DATA TO WHICH THE CHILD IS EXPOSED, AND (2) THAT…
Descriptors: Child Development, Computational Linguistics, Computer Programs, Context Free Grammar