With the growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into academic writing, especially in second language (L2) contexts, there is a pressing need to understand how disciplinary background and AI-mediated environments shape students' writing strategies. Grounded in Activity Theory, this study investigates the academic writing…

While the automated assessment of oral reading fluency (ORF) using accuracy and speech rate has proliferated, expressiveness of speech, as measured by prosodic features, has been neglected due to its inherent complexity and lack of technological resources. Despite the potential benefits of burgeoning technology for assessing hard-to-measure…

This study explores the effectiveness of a Blended Production-Oriented Approach (BPOA) in improving Self-Directed Learning (SDL) skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests revealed significant enhancements in key SDL skills, including planning, strategy use, resource utilization,…

Recent studies have highlighted the value of providing teachers TPACK-based courses in English-as-a-second-language (ESL) teacher training, yet its role in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) settings remains largely unexplored. This study, focusing on the case of a semester-long TPACK-based teacher preparation course designed for pre-service…

This study investigates the effects of narrow reading as writing sources on Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' writing quality in classroom settings. It also explores the potential correlations between writing self-efficacy and the narrow-reading supported writing instruction. To this end, a classroom-based study was conducted…

The main aim of this adaptation study was to construct measures of word reading and related skills in Meetei Mayek, a written script of the common language of Manipur in northeast India. Seven widely used measures in English for assessing phonological processing, word reading, and vocabulary were adapted into Meetei Mayek. The English and Meetei…

Bilingual children in the United States (U.S.) develop oral language and literacy skills within and across the languages they are engaged in at home, school, and the community with differing levels of proficiency and dominance. Research has considered both language and literacy skills together in determining learner profiles for bilingual children…

The primary aim of this study was to investigate barriers to English learning for adult immigrants residing in urban America. A secondary aim was to study the effect of baseline reading levels on immigrants' participation in English class. The study design was a survey study of a convenience sample of 1,254 immigrants living in Indianapolis,…

Conversation of a particular sort holds the key to learning. I argue here that peer to peer conversation promotes two features that are essential to progressive learning, namely 'contestation' and 'communication.' Traditional learning is principally concerned with whether students have reached a standard of knowledge and skill prescribed by some…

An analysis of teacher metaphors has long been a feature of research into the development of early career teacher identity, however, the metaphors used to construct the ideal teacher in educational policy remains under-researched. These policy documents explicitly seek to frame what it means to be an effective teacher. As such, an analysis of the…

This study investigates the similarities and differences between Hong Kong kindergarteners' shyness and social anxiety and their possible relations with social emotional adjustment and the development of receptive language abilities. Data were collected from three kindergartens, with 71 children (mean age = 52.6 months, SD = 7.28; 48% boys) and…

This study aimed to explore the predictive value of self-regulation, critical thinking, and creative thinking on the writing performance of Iraqi EFL learners on TOEFL iBT, including both integrated and independent writing tasks. To this end, 300 advanced male and female Iraqi EFL learners took the Cornell Critical-Thinking Test-Level X, the…

Listening journals provide a personal space for learners to document and share their inside thoughts about what they think, do, and feel regarding their learning. This study analyzes the journal entries of 19 second- to fourth-year business university learners. Over five weeks, they completed five listening journals on topics of their choice as…

Despite extensive EMI research worldwide, few studies focus on stakeholders' EMI experiences through the lens of epistemological stance. Informed by 'epistemic injustice', this study examines the epistemic nature of EMI policy by examining Bangladeshi students' language ideologies to understand whose languages, knowledge, and voices are…

Domain-general Grit has been criticised as being indistinguishable from Conscientiousness and as a weaker predictor than Cognitive Ability. Given the recent rise of L2 Grit literature -- a domain-specific form of Grit in language learning -- we examine whether these criticisms of general Grit are also applicable to L2 Grit. Domain-general Grit, L2…