The Junior Self-Monitoring Scale, a new measure, was developed and related to individual differences in children's tendencies to engage in social comparison when making decisions. This study demonstrated that children scoring high in self-monitoring were more likely than low self-monitoring children to attend to the decisions of other children.…

Criteria for defining event-frequency encoding as automatic were assessed in two experiments involving young children, college students, elderly, and mentally retarded persons. The first experiment used an online word-frequency task; the second used a study-test method with pictures as stimuli. (PCB)

Questions Richard Rodriguez' position that linguistic assimilation for minorities is like alchemy, creating something new and greater than what was. Concludes that it is better for teachers to teach students to use the conventions of standard discourse without accepting the ideology of those for whom the standard dialect is the language of…

Memory-based searching was compared in 15 developmentally delayed and 24 normal two-year-olds. In a relatively easy memory task, individual differences were minimal, but searching for a plausible alternative location based on memory revealed marked individual differences and an important difference in the cognitive functioning of the delayed…

A method for statistically removing interrater grading inconsistency as a source of bias is presented and a study using this technique is described. Assumptions, techniques, and practical considerations are also discussed. (Author/MSE)

Examined the determination of individual differences in marital change across the transition to parenthood. Results indicated parents whose postnatal experiences turned out less positive and more negative than anticipated experienced more negative change in marriage. Prenatal expectations of well-educated parents generally matched their…

The author replies to Jensen and Vernon's article and maintains that there is little reason for accepting Jensen's claims, particularly with respect to the major theoretical question. (Author/LMO)

Ninety-two adult twin-pairs were recruited. Twin zygosity was determined by self-report inventory. Monozygotic twins resembled one another more than dizygotic twins in most measures of both level and lability of mood, which provides modest evidence for a genetic influence on subclinical levels of depression. (Author/ABB)

Investigated continuities in mother-infant interaction observed at home, maternally perceived infant difficulties, and infant developmental competency. Also assessed were background characteristics and possible variables moderating maternal report of satisfaction with adjustment. A total of 128 dyads were assessed when infants were 6 and 13 months…

Identifies why children talk to themselves (private speech) and the crucial role that such speech plays in their cognitive development. Reviews research in children's egocentric or private speech development and suggests ways for adults to encourage private speech in learning environments. (DT)

Compared 64 women in atypical professions with 71 women in sex-typical professions. Results suggested those in atypical professions were more likely to be firstborn, with employed mothers, and to mention positive influences of men on their careers. Factors related to atypical choice may relate to academic achievement. (JAC)

The article summarizes findings of research on individual differences in reading ability, noting the primary effects of lack of phonological awareness on the ability to phonologically segment, analyze, and synthesize the speech stream. Other sources of individual differences are also addressed: early visual processes, naming processes, context,…

Proposes a framework to describe how individuals attempt to maintain a personally satisfying compatibility between sex-role and work relevant self perceptions, attitudes and behavior. (Author)

Questionnaires measuring parents' stress, life satisfaction, and perception of the child were administered to single and married mothers of disabled children. No differences between these groups were found on total scores or on subscale scores. Item differences related to family life in general rather than rearing a disabled child. (Author/BL)

Genetic and environmental influences on heart rate were studied in samples of twin pairs in middle childhood. Heart rate was measured in resting situation and under two task conditions. Heart rate was related to parental ratings of shyness, emotionality, and selective attention measure. Multivariate analysis suggested that covariance between heart…