The findings suggested that five variables--linear predictability, judgmental consistency, subjective complexity, differentiation, and confidence--have sufficient generality to assume the provisional status of judgmental styles. (Author/RC)

Reports on a qualitative study conducted in the Japanese foreign language context about good foreign language learners, in which strategy use is analyzed in 67 books reporting on "how I have learned a foreign language." Results suggest that there are strategies especially favored in the Japanese foreign language context and that the issue of some…

Tests the Phonological Completeness Hypothesis of Brown and Watson, which proposes that early acquired words are recognized and produced faster than late acquired words because they have less fragmented phonological representations. Indicates that the results of the segmentation task failed to provide any support for Brown and Watson's (1987)…

Outlines the implications of cognitive psychology for group supervision and discusses the unique dimensions of the group modality for the supervision process and cognitive skill acquisition. Suggests directions for future research. (Author/ABL)

Discusses the challenge faced by career planning, placement, and recruitment professionals as they try to match the right person and the right job. Different career patterns are identified and five distinct groups of career-oriented persons are discussed in terms of what they value: getting ahead, getting secure, getting free, getting high, and…

Computer simulations are described in which pairs of simulated individuals in groups play a prisoner's dilemma game, with the choice to cooperate determined by one of three simple heuristics. Results reveal that the prevalence of cooperation depends on the heuristic used, value of the payoff, and the social comparison process. (SLD)

In response to Leonard (EC 300 867), this paper views children with specific language disorders as a heterogeneous group consisting of distinct subtypes, accounted for by differing causal factors which are important to identify. (Author/DB)

Reanalyzes data collected in a 1990 study on factors in reading ability to see whether the three individual difference factors advanced in rauding theory were also detectable in the data from the earlier study. Finds support for the three rauding ability factors. (SR)

Interviewed 70 community-dwelling older adults and 70 nursing home residents to assess frequency of reminiscence activity and ratings of pleasantness associated with it. Found that, despite wide variability in use of reminiscence, certain specific factors of personality, psychological well-being, will to meaning, and negative life events were…

Contends that tests were not used in counseling in the mid-20th century partially as a function of the prevailing view of what constituted science. Questions the 19th-century view of science regarding testing and then moves on to assert that the 21st-century application of tests with clients requires a substantial paradigm shift. (Author/NB)

Examined relationship between temporal contingency of maternal behavior and interactional quality. Found that although prompt responding was typical, the existence of individual differences indicated that this tendency was expressed in different communicative channels. The relationship between contingency and ratings of interactional quality was…

Compares the career paths of three hypothetical retiring professors: the professorial path, which emphasizes teaching; the professional path, which emphasizes administrative advancement; or the entrepreneurial path, which emphasizes maximization of financial and business opportunities. Implications for the career paths of young faculty today are…

Optimal sequential decision rules are proposed for adapting the appropriate amount of instruction to learning needs. The framework for the approach is derived from Bayesian decision theory and the assumption that three actions (master, partial master, and nonmaster) are open to the decision maker. (SLD)

Presents an essay on the dangers of the populist tendency to aim education at the lowest common denominator; to teach misplaced egalitarianism in the service of unmerited self-esteem; or to encourage attitudes toward aesthetic appreciation of art that grants equal but undeserved stature to all works of art and entertainment. (Author)

Tested differentiation of cognitive abilities at different levels of general ability in same-aged subjects through a latent variable approach in a multiple groups design. Results for 14,720 18-year-old Swedish army conscripts support the differentiation hypothesis at least in the low and middle levels of general ability (G) but not through the…