This article assesses 1 individual's level of recall for Italian vocabulary learned 10 years previously using the keyword method. Without any revision, the subject remembered 35 percent of the test words with spelling fully correct and over 50 percent with only minor spelling errors. The effectiveness of the keyword method of vocabulary…

As legislation has attempted to facilitate the use of Welsh, opinions about the language were examined among parents from differing English/Welsh backgrounds. An overall favorable attitude toward Welsh was found in all groups, most likely a result of attitudes toward Welsh identity, better communication, and enhanced employment prospects. (13…

Examines the role of pronouns in the discursive display of identity. Through comparison of actual uses of the pronoun "I" in Javanese conversations with current views of pronouns in identity presentation, an attempt is made to show a vast cultural difference in how identity can be indexed and what variables may constitute identity in…

This study applies perspectives from sociolinguistics to investigate the language mixing of a bilingual two year old acquiring Norwegian and English simultaneously in Norway. The investigation stresses the need to examine more carefully the roles of dominance and context in the language mixing of young bilingual children. (40 references) (JL)

An examination of the relationship between second-language achievement and field dependence-independence and hemisphericity among 11- and 12-year-old Turkish students (n=69) in an intensive English-as-a-Second-Language program found that field independent learners performed better on discrete-point and cloze tests. Hemisphericity was not related…

After a discussion of the limitations of early contrastive rhetoric theory and the need for a richer view that considers different cultures, this article reports on a survey of Japanese and Arabic English-as-a-Second-Language students to examine how writing is taught in different cultures. Differing emphases on expressive and transactional…

Examines the phenomenon of semantic change with regard to color categories in closely related Mayan languages (Tzetal and Tzotzil) associated with radically different social milieux. It is argued that, although a model of individual cognition explains how color categories change at the basic level, a social model accounts for differences between…

An interview with Umberto Eco, novelist and linguist, addresses issues in international communication of the future, and particularly the role of Esperanto in a rapidly changing, culturally diverse world society. Topics discussed include translation, native language and multilingualism, and politics of language. (MSE)

This paper offers some partial identifications of the communicative functions of Tarahumara alternations and underscores their implications for a cognitive phonology. (Contains 17 references.) (JL)

Controversies surrounding approaches to language revival could be reduced if a clear distinction were recognized between two possible goals of language revival: the process of restoration and the process of transformation. A survey of methods adopted by various revivalists supports the conclusion that achieving transformation is more likely.…

An ethnographic study of two secondary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, is reported that examined the functions of English-Kiswahili code-switching among students. It argues that code-switching is used strategically by both teachers and pupils for meaningful classroom interaction and also reinforces the view that English is more appropriate for…

Examines the origin, development, and nature of Pakistani English as a distinct language variation with its own cultural and linguistic identity. Lexical borrowing from Urdu is discussed as is the formation of new words through the use of English affixes with Urdu and English bases and though semantical or grammatical shifts. (JL)

Refusals among speakers of English and Arabic are studied in three samples: native English speakers in the United States and Egypt; Arab students of English in both countries; and Arabic speakers in Egypt. Pragmatically unsuccessful strategies are analyzed from data gathered by a discourse-completion task. (18 references) (Author/LB)

New conclusions emerge about Southern Tiwa, a Tanoan language of New Mexico, from a morphoyntactic analysis of the language, including nouns occur as serial predicates; nouns can license an argument in the role of possessor; and the verb agrees with all and only final terms. (47 references) (JL)

A major difference between teaching translation skills and teaching English is the sense of teacher-student partnership in translation classes. Techniques for teaching translation are suggested. (LB)