This study determined the effectiveness of Kindergarten Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (K-PALS) for English Learners (ELs). We compared 20 K-PALS ELs to 20 Control ELs and to 20 K-PALS non-ELs on early reading skill acquisition, using a pretest-posttest control group design with matched samples. We also compared proportions of ELs unresponsive…

Suggesting that the contention that phonemic awareness must be taught directly and that children need explicit systematic instruction in phonics is less of a scientific "fact" than an exercise in political persuasion, this book presents the story of the political campaign that is taking place to change the minds of Americans about how…

Methods for investigating the influence of an early developmental process on a later process are discussed. Conventional growth modeling is found inadequate but a general growth mixture model is sufficiently flexible. The growth mixture model allows prediction of the later process using different trajectory classes for the early process. The…

This study explores sound-symbolic, or mimetic, words in the Japanese language, the majority of which are never entered in Japanese dictionaries, and which may not be fully understood in all their nuances by native speakers. The extensiveness of the sound-symbolic system is related to the semantic under-differentiation of Japanese verbs. An…

Results of a verbal sound and meaning discrimination test to check the hypothesis of Alajouanine et al.--that two types of paraphasics can be distinguished, phonemic and semantic--are discussed. The former are impaired in tests of auditory language discrimination, the latter show regression of the semantic values apparent in their linguistic…

This paper contends that neither taxonomic nor generative phonology is a satisfactory basis for contrastive analysis or for teaching Russian pronunciation. A third theory, known as natural phonology, is more useful. (CHK)

Gives the justification, text, and examples of two recordings illustrating the phonetic oppositions of four French vowels. The tapes were produced and tested at the Universite de Lausanne, and are intended for language laboratory use. (Text is in French.) (MSE)

This article is a critical review of a number of statistical works, over the past 50 years, dedicated to the determination of the relative frequency of phonemes. (Author/RM)

THIS STUDY OF THE CANTONESE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM IS A CASE STUDY OF THE PHONOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF A GENERATIVE GRAMMAR. ATTEMPTS ARE MADE IN CHAPTER III TO SOLVE SOME OLD PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH THE ANALYSIS OF CANTONESE WITHIN THIS NEW THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. MOST OF THE PROBLEMS ARE PSEUDO-PROBLEMS, IN THE SENSE THAT THEY POSE DIFFICULTIES ONLY…

IN ADDITION TO THE PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION MATERIALS AVAILABLE FOR MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES, MANY PUBLISHERS ARE NOW PRINTING PROGRAMED MATERIALS IN COMMUNICATIONS. TWENTY-TWO PROGRAMS IN SUCH SUBJECTS AS ENGLISH GRAMMAR, SPELLING IMPROVEMENT, PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE, AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ARE REVIEWED. THE DISCUSSION…

This paper suggests that some features of the syntactic and semantic structure of sentences sometimes influence the phonemic analyses assigned to stretches of speech by the perceptual system. It is argued that the role of higher-order levels of linguistic analysis in speech perception can be productively studied. Theoretical issues appropriate for…

This textbook establishes principles and methodology for researching and analyzing the morphological systems of languages. The sequence of approach used in the text begins with procedures for the identification of morphemes and deals with types, distribution, structural classes, and meanings of morphemes. The final chapters present field…

This paper is an investigation of nasal vowels from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view. Data from over 50 languages have been examined (some languages in much more detail than others) in an attempt to distinguish the aspects of vowel nasalization that are "universal" from those phenomena that are language-specific. This study is…

This four-part study introduces the reader to the methods and procedures used in descriptive linguistics and their application to the sound systems of English and Russian. A condensed phonology of English includes discussion of consonants, vowels, stress, phrasing, and pitch. The section on Russian phonemes examines: (1) consonant and vowel…

This intermediate-level reader in Moroccan Arabic is designed to provide (1) a text which will be articulatable with a basic course, (2) natural language in "advanced colloquial" rather than a literary style, and (3) material which is culturally insightful. The cultural aspects represented are those of inter-personal relationships,…